Internal Validation of the Predictive Performance of Models Based on Three ED and ICU Scoring Systems to Predict Inhospital Mortality for Intensive Care Patients Referred from the Emergency Department

Table 1

The point assignment scheme of each scoring system.

Emergency’s scoring systems

Model (min-max)

Temp (°C)

SBP (mmHg)

MAP (mm Hg)

RR (BPM)

Pulse (BMP)

GCS

AVPU

O2 sat (%)

Age (year)

WPS (0-14)

≥35.3; 0; <35.3; 3

≥100; 0; ≤99; 2

NA

≤19; 0; 20-21; 1; ≥22; 2

≤101; 0; ≥102; 1

NA

A; 0; Other; 3

96-100; 0; 94-95; 1; 92-93; 2; <92; 3

NA

REMS (0-26)

NA

NA

70-109; 0; 50-69; 2; 110-129; 2; 130-159; 3; ≤49; 4; ≥160; 4

12-24; 0; 10-11; 1; 25-34; 1; 6-9; 2; 35-49; 3; ≤5; 4; ≥50; 4

70-109; 0; 50-69; 2; 110-139; 2; 40-54; 3; 140-179; 3; ≤39; 4; ≥180; 4

≥14; 0; 11-13; 1; 8-10; 2; 5-7; 3; ≤4; 4

NA

>89; 0; 86-89; 1; 75-85; 3; <75; 4

<45; 0; 45-54; 2; 55-64; 3; 65-73; 5; ≥74; 6

MEWS (0-19)

≤35; 2; 35-38.4; 0; ≥38.5; 2

≤70; 3; 71-80; 2; 81-100; 1; 101-199; 0; ≥200; 3

NA

<9; 2; 9-14; 0; 15-20; 1; 21-29; 2; ≥30; 3

<40; 2; 41-50; 1; 51-100; 0; 101-110; 1; 111-129; 2; ≥130; 3

NA

Alert; 0; React to voice; 1; React to pain; 2; Unresponsive; 3

NA

NA

ICU’s scoring systems

Model (min-max)

Temp (°C)

MAP (mmHg)

Pulse (BPM)

RR (BPM)

Oxygenation (paO2/FiO2)

GCS

HCO3 (mmHg)

K (mmol/L)

Na (mmol/L)

Cr (mg/dL)

HCT (%)

TLC (%)

pH

Age (year)

APACHE II (0-71)

≥41; 4; 39-40.9; 3; 38.5-38.9; 1; 36-38.4; 0; 34-35.9; 1; 32-33.9; 2; 30-31.9; 3; ≤29.9; 4

≥160; 4; 130-159; 3; 110-129; 2; 70-109; 0; 50-69; 2; ≤49; 4

≥100; 4; 140-179; 3; 110-139; 2; 70-109; 0; 50-69; 2; 40-54; 3; ≤39; 4

≥50; 4; 35-49; 3; 25-34; 1; 12-24; 0; 10-11; 1; 6-9; 2; ≤5; 4

≥500; 4; 350-499; 3; 200-349; 2; <200 &; PO2>70; 0; PO2 61-70; 1; PO2 55-60; 3; PO2<55; 4

15-GCS

≥52; 4; 41-51.9; 3; 32-40.9; 1; 22-31.9; 0; 18-21.9; 2; 15-17.9; 3; <15; 4

≥7; 4; 6-6.9; 3; 5.5-5.9; 1; 3.5-5.4; 0; 3-3.4; 1; 2.5-2.9; 2; <2.5; 4

≥100; 4; 160-179; 3; 155-159; 2; 150-154; 1; 130-149; 0; 120-129; 2; 111-119; 3; ≤110; 4

≥3.5; 4; 2-3.4; 3; 1.5-1.9; 2; 0.6-1.4; 0; <0.6; 2

≥60; 4; 50-59.9; 2; 46-49.9; 1; 30.45.9; 0; 20-29.9; 2; <20; 4

≥40; 4; 20-39.9; 2; 15-19.9; 1; 3-14.9; 0; 1-2.9; 2; <1; 4

7.7; 4; 7.6-7.69; 3; 7.5-7.59; 1; 7.33-7.49; 0; 7.25-7.32; 2; 7.15-7.24; 3; <7.15; 4

<44; 0; 45-54; 2; 55-64; 3; 65-74; 5; ≥75; 6

Model (min-max)

Temp (°C)

MAP (mmHg)

Pulse (BPM)

UO (mL/h)

Oxygenation paO2/FiO2

GCS

HCO3 (mmHg)

K (mmol/L)

Na (mmol/L)

Bili (mg/dL)

Chronic disease

TLC (%)

Urea (mg/dL)

Age (year)

SAPS II

<39; 0; >39; 3

<70; 13; 70-99; 5; 100-199; 0; >200; 2

<40; 11; 40-69; 2; 70-119; 0; 120-159; 4; >160; 7

<500; 11; >500; 4; >1000; 0

<100; 11; 100-199; 9; >200; 6

<6; 26; 6-8; 13; 9-10; 7; 11-13; 5; 14-15; 0

<15; 6; 15-19; 3; >20; 0

<3; 3; 3-4.9; 0; >5; 3

<125; 5; 125-144; 0; >145; 1

<4; 0; 4-5.9; 4; >6; 9

M.Cancer; 9; HemMalig; 10; AIDS; 17

<1; 12; 1-20; 0; >20; 3

<28; 0; 28-83; 6; >84; 10

<40; 0; 40-59; 7; 60-69; 12; 70-74; 15; 75-79; 16; ≥80; 8

MAP (mmHg)

Oxygenation (paO2/FiO2)

GCS

Bili (mg/dL)

Cr (mg/dL)

Platelets (10 ^9/L)

SOFA

≥70; 0; <70; 1; or Dob; 2; Dop 5.1-15 or ; 3; or or ; 4

≥400; 0; <400; 1; <300; 2; <200+ RS; 3; <100+ RS; 4

15; 0; 13-14; 1; 10-12; 2; 6-9; 3; <6; 4

<1.2; 0; 1.2-1.9; 1; 2-5.9; 2; 6-11.9; 3; >12; 4

<1.2; 0; 1.2-1.9; 1; 2-3.4; 2; 3.5-4.9; 3; >5; 4

≥150; 0; <150; 1; <100; 2; <50; 3; <20; 4

Abbreviation: SCS: Simple Clinical Score; WPS: Worthing Physiological Scoring system; RAPS: Rapid Acute Physiology Score; REMS: Rapid Emergency Medicine Score; MEWS: Modified Early Warning Score; RLD: routine laboratory data; Temp: temperature; SBP: systolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; RR: respiratory rate; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; AVPU: alert, voice, pain, unresponsive; O₂sat, oxygen saturation; Dop: Dopamine; Dob: dobutamine; Epi: epinephrine; Nor: norepinephrine; HR: heart rate; Bili: bilirubin; UO: urine output; HCT: hematocrit; Na: sodium; K: potassium; Cr: creatinine; BMP: beats per minute; BPM: breaths per minute.