Research Progress of Population Pharmacokinetic of Metformin

Table 2

A summary of published population pharmacokinetic studies of metformin.

Study	Sampling schedule	Structure model	Estimation method	Subject/samples	Pharmacokinetic parameters	Covariates/conclusion
2006 Charles [28]	Sparse sampling	2-CMT	FOCE	27/NA	; ;	No dosage adjustment is warranted.
2008 Hong [25]	Intensive sampling	1-CMT	FOCE	12/180	; ; ;	CLCR significantly influenced metformin CL/F
2012 Jung-woo [18]	Intensive sampling	1-CMT	FOCE	42/504	;	CLCR significantly influenced metformin
2013 Yoon [22]	Intensive sampling	1-CMT	NA	96/NA	;	OCT2-808G > T; OCTN1-917C > T
2013 Duong [19]	NA	2-CMT	FOCE-I	A:120/NA; B:16/NA; C:169/NA	; ;	CLCR; TBW; The concentrations of metformin do not exceed 5 mg/l
2014 Goswami [20]	Sparse sampling	2-CMT	FOCE-I	235/2383	; ; ;	Five variants in specificity protein 1 (SP1)
2016 Chitnis [26]	Intensive sampling	2-CMT	NA	336/NA	; L;	Not significant
2016 Sam [23]	Intensive sampling	1-CMT	FOCE	28/336	;	Body weight; SLC22A1
2018 Choi [21]	Intensive sampling	2-CMT	FOCE-I	36/NA	; ; ;	Not significant
2020 Sinnappah [27]	Sparse sampling	2-CMT	FOCE	5/184	; ; ;	The concentrations of metformin do not exceed 5 mg/l
2020 Ling [24]	Sparse sampling	2-CMT	FOCE-I	125	;	Kidney function; eGFR

1-CMT, one-compartment model; 2-CMT, two-compartment model; NA, Represents the missing value, which is not mentioned in the article; FOCE, First-order conditional estimation; FOCE-I, First order conditional estimation with inter and intrasubject variability interaction; CL_CR, Creatinine clearance; V2, Maternal volume of distribution; CL, total body clearance; Vd, Apparent volume of distribution; Vc/F, Central volume of distribution; Vp/F, Peripheral volume of distribution; Ka, Absorption rat; K_a2, absorption rate constant at the second absorption site.