Insight into the Vacuolar Compartmentalization Process and the Effect Glutathione Regulation to This Process in the Hyperaccumulator Plant Solanum nigrum L.

Figure 3

Effects of different Cd concentrations and BSO treatments on the contents and related proportions of total Cd, Cd²⁺, and combined Cd in protoplasts and vacuoles. (a) The photomicrographs of protoplasts in bright field and fluorescence field taken with probes under different treatments. (b) Changes of the average total Cd content in a single protoplast and vacuole under different treatments. (c) Changes of the average Cd²⁺ content in a single protoplast and vacuole under different treatments. (d) Changes of the average combined Cd content in a single protoplast and vacuole under different treatments. (e) Average proportion curves of protoplasts and vacuoles under different treatments. Error bars represent standard error. Reported data are the (SE) of at least three independent experiments, and different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at .

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