A Model of Social Support for a Patient–Informal Caregiver Dyad

Table 3

Characteristics of the groups of patients and caregivers based on the research tools used.

Variables	Patients		Caregivers		Mann-Whitney test
	M	sd	M	sd	Z
Personality structure
Extroversion (E)	5.04	1.58	5.49	1.42	-2.71	0.007
Agreeableness (A)	5.44	1.35	5.77	1.17	-2.34	0.019
Conscientiousness (C)	5.49	1.31	5.82	1.19	-2.36	0.018
Emotional stability (ES)	4.38	1.52	4.46	1.52	-0.63	0.528
Openness to experience (OE)	4.10	1.17	4.32	1.08	-1.46	0.146
Social pain thermometer
SPT.1 injustice	5.22	2.83	5.21	2.75	-0.04	0.967
SPT.2 exclusion	3.36	3.07	2.68	2.57	1.77	0.077
SPT.3 a sense of loss	5.37	3.03	5.23	3.38	0.40	0.690
SPT.WO global value	13.95	7.65	13.12	7.15	0.91	0.364
State self-compassion scale
(SSCS)	37.43	6.36	38.44	5.46	-2.06	0.040
Positive orientation scale
(POS)	28.41	5.49	30.02	4.83	-2.67	0.008
Stress thermometer
Stress	5.32	3.05	5.72	3.03	-1.12	0.262
Anxiety	5.71	3.05	5.93	2.99	-0.59	0.552
Depression	3.22	3.13	3.10	2.99	0.03	0.972
Anger	4.27	3.28	4.55	3.41	-0.71	0.476
The need for help	4.72	3.19	4.54	3.40	0.53	0.599
Social support
BSSS.PES	13.92	2.41	13.76	2.33	0.64	0.521
BSSS.PIS	14.05	2.53	13.87	2.53	0.33	0.740
BSSS.NS	12.02	2.14	11.64	2.25	1.52	0.128
BSSS.SoS	14.63	3.53	14.12	3.92	1.29	0.199
BSSS.SCR	3.20	0.36	3.09	0.31	3.95	0.000
BSSS.EmS	2.96	0.31	2.89	0.26	2.08	0.038
BSSS.InsS	3.60	0.56	3.49	0.55	2.42	0.015
BSSS.InfS	3.44	0.69	3.39	0.71	0.64	0.524
BSSS.PBS	2.82	0.77	3.27	0.62	-5.34	0.000

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