A Review on the Role of Wollastonite Biomaterial in Bone Tissue Engineering

Table 2

Raw materials and methods used to derive synthetic wollastonite with its main application.

Raw materials/precursors	Process	Synthesis temperature (°C)	Application	References
Eggshells and commercial silica	Microwave	1100	-	[93]
Eggshells and rice husk ash	Sol-gel	850	Biomedical	[113]
	Solid-state reaction	1000	Biomedical	[120]
Rice straw ash and calcium nitrate	Sol-gel	-	Biomedical	[121]
Silica sand and limestone	Solid-state reaction	1400	Biomedical	[3, 122]
Stone wastes and silica fumes	Solid-state reaction	1100	-	[123]
Rice husk ash and cement kiln dust	Solid-state reaction	1100	Ceramic	[124]
Zirconium oxychloride slag and CaO	Sol-gel	1000	Environmental	[125]
Rice husk ash and limestone	Microwave	950	Biomedical	[126]
	Sintering	1050	Ceramic	[127]
Eggshell and waste glass	Solid-state reaction	900	Ceramic	[128]
Calcium nitrate and sodium silicate	Coprecipitation	1200	Biomedical	[129]
Waste fluorescent glass and CaCO3	Sintering	1300	Environmental	[130]
Waste soda-lime-silica glasses	Sintering	1000	Ceramic	[119]
CaCO3 and sodium metasilicate-pentahydrate	Coprecipitation	1100	Biomedical	[131]
Bentonite clay	Sintering	850	Biomedical	[132]
Calcium nitrate and fumed silica	Solution combustion	950	Biomedical	[133]
Calcium nitrate and tetraethoxysilane	Sol-gel method	-	Biomedical	[134]
Ca(NO3)2 solutions and Na2SiO3 solution	Hydrothermal microemulsion	800	Biomedical	[46]
Limestone and SiO2 smoke	Solid-state reaction	-	Materials	[135]
Calcium chloride and sodium disilicate	-	1200	-	[136]
Silica and calcium carbonate	Hydrothermal	1000	-	[94]
NaSiO3 9H2O and Ca(OH)2	Hydrothermal	800	-	[137]
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and colloidal silica	Combustion	600		[138]