Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Short-Segment Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)

Table 1

Patient and surgical characteristics.

N	97
Sex
Male	41 (42.3%)
Female	56 (57.7%)
Mean age, years	70.3 ± 7.0
>65	77 (79.4%)
Diagnosis
Degenerative spondylolisthesis	52 (53.6%)
Spinal canal stenosis	42 (43.3%)
Deformity	3 (3.1%)
Type of posterior fixation
Direct decompression (open PLF)	44 (45.4%)
Indirect decompression (PPS)	53 (54.6%)
Graft materials
Autografts	44 (45.4%)
Autografts and bone graft substitutes	53 (54.6%)
Number of fixation levels
1 level	51 (52.5%)
2 levels	46 (47.4%)
Combined with adjacent segment decompression	7 (7.2%)

PLF: posterior lumbar fusion; PPS: percutaneous pedicle screw.