Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Canal Adductor Blockade for Chronic Pain and Functioning in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study
Table 4
Changes in the functional performance tests and related pain intensity over time with estimated adjusted effect size.
Assessment time
Mean (SD),
Effect size+
95% CI
value
TUG (s)1/2
<0.001
B/L
3.22 (0.92), 77
1 H
3.10 (0.82), 76
-0.14
-0.19--0.04
0.004
1 W
2.93 (0.68), 73
-0.30
-0.37--0.22
<0.001
1 M
2.93 (0.68), 72
-0.33
-0.40--0.26
<0.001
Pain at TUG
<0.001
B/L
4.53 (2.40), 77
1 H
1.83 (2.16), 76
0.41
0.33–0.50
<0.001
1 W
2.40 (2.11), 73
0.53
0.44–0.63
<0.001
1 M
1.94 (2.20), 72
0.42
0.34–0.52
<0.001
<0.001
30CST ( repetitions)
B/L
8.23 (3.97), 77
1 H
9.36 (3.84), 76
1.11
0.68–1.55
<0.001
1 W
10.33 (4.15), 73
2.12
1.68–2.57
<0.001
1 M
10.74 (4.45), 72
2.64
2.20–3.08
<0.001
Pain at 30CST
<0.001
B/L
5.68 (2.34), 75
1 H
2.82 (2.31), 73
0.50
0.42–0.59
<0.001
1 W
3.34 (2.16), 70
0.59
0.50–0.70
<0.001
1 M
3.32 (2.39), 69
0.58
0.49–0.69
<0.001
TUG: Timed Up and Go Test; 30CST: 30-Second Chair Stand Test; B/L: baseline; 1 H: 1 hour; 1 W: 1 week; 1 M: 1 month after the adductor canal blockade; +age-, gender-, and BMI-adjusted effect size as estimated by the linear or Poisson mixed effects model as appropriate. For TUG, a square root transformation was applied. A Poisson mixed effects model was used for pain at TUG and 30CST.
