Boosting Sustainable Agriculture by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress Condition: Mechanism and Future Prospective

Table 1

Contribution of AMF in helping plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stress.

Host plant	AMF strains	Stress	Observed responses	References
Solanum lycopersicum L.	Rhizophagus irregularis	Salinity	Rise in growth hormones, newly formed root and shoot weight, leaf area, and leaf count	Khalloufi et al. [8]
Leymus chinensis	Glomus mosseae	Salinity	Enhancement in level of phosphorus, nitrogen, seedling weight, and water content	Jixiang et al. [9]
Cucumis sativus L.	Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Funneliformis mosseae	Salinity	Increase in biomass, antioxidant enzymes, proline and phenol level, and mineral elements and decrease in uptake of Na ions	Hashem et al. [10]
Medicago sativa	Glomus mosseae	Salinity	Enhancement of biomass and nutrients uptake, accumulation of P over N and K, PSII and PSI system stomatal conductance, and ability to utilize CO	Shi-chu et al. [11]
Glycine max L. Merrill	Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Funneliformis mosseae	Salinity	Improvement in plant and root system by increase in nutrient uptake. Reduction in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage by salt	Diagne et al. [12]
Prunus dulcis × Prunus persica hybrid	Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae	Salinity	Enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic compounds, soluble sugars, and proline content	Shahvali et al. [13]
Pisum sativum L.	Rhizoglomus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum, and Gigaspora spp.	Salinity	Increase in biomass, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake, accumulation of compatible osmolytes, and growth characters	Parihar et al. [14]
Euonymus maackii Rupr	Rhizophagus intraradices	Salinity	Enhancement in photosynthetic capacity, nutrient uptake, and antioxidant enzyme	Li et al. [15]
Citrullus lanatus L.	Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora gigantean	Salinity	Increase in leaf area, size and weight of fruits, root colonization, chlorophyll potassium, magnesium, iron zinc level, ROS, and ABA level osmotic potential antioxidant enzyme	Bijalwan et al. [16]
Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Glomus spp., Gigaspora albida, and Gigaspora decipiens	Salinity	Enhancement in photosynthetic pigment and reduction in leaf proline and decelerate the negative effects on physiological and biochemical parameters	Klinsukon et al. [17]
Zea mays	Rhizophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, and Funneliformis geosporum	High temperature	Enhancement in plant attributes, photosynthetic transpiration rate, and pigments	Mathur et al. [18]
Triticum aestivum	Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Funneliformis geosporum, and Claroideoglomus claroideum	High temperature	Enhancement in nutrient uptake and grain numbers	Cabral et al. [19]
Zea mays	Glomus tortuosum	Temperature stress	Increase in N, P, K, and Cu level in the shoot, and N, P, Ca, and Zn in the root and nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nutrient level	Liu et al. [20]
Zea mays	Glomus tortuosum	Cold stress	Higher amino acid concentrations	Zhu et al. [21]
Elymus nutans Griseb.	Funneliformis mosseae	Cold stress	Rise in antioxidant enzymes photosynthetic pigments and plant growth	Chu et al. [22]
Hordeum vulgare L.	Glomus versiforme and Rhizophagus irregularis	Cold stress	Antioxidants, osmoprotectants enhances, plant growth improvises, potassium uptake, membrane constancy, and phenolics metabolism, which raises the survival rate	Hajiboland et al. [23]
Cucumis sativus L	Rhizophagus irregularis	Cold stress	Enhancement in photosynthetic efficiency increase in their carbon sink	Ma et al. [24]
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)	Rhizoglomus irregulare and Funneliformis mosseae	High-temperature stress	Improvement in growth rate and substrate carbon conversion efficiency, determined by calorespirometric readings and stomatal conductance	Nogales et al. [25]
Zea mays L.	Funneliformis	High temperature	Regulated photosystem (PS) II heterogeneity	Mathur and Jajoo [26]
Solanum lycopersicum; Capiscum annuum; Cucumis sativus	Rhizophagus irregularis	High-temperature stress	Increase in vigor, productivity, and fruit quality	Reva et al. [27]
Saccharum arundinaceum	Glomus spp.	Drought	Increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and compounds, phenolics, glutathione, chlorophyll, and plant biomass in the leaves	Mirshad and Puthur [28]
Triticum aestivum	Glomus mosseae	Drought	Chlorophyll concentration, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbic acid, N, P, and K content increase	Rani [29]
Ipomoea batatas	Glomus spp.	Drought	Osmoprotectants adjust osmotic potential	Yooyongwech et al. [30]
Lycopersicon esculatum; Capsicum annuum	Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus fasciculatus	Drought	Increase in biomass, root and shoot length, photosynthetic pigment, and lower proline concentration	Padmavathi et al. [31]
Solanum lycopersicum	Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis	Drought	Increase in plant height, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency index, biomass, proline level, decreased ROS, and ABA level in leaf and root enhancements	Chitarra et al. [32]
Triticum aestivum L.	Glomus mosseae, Glomus fasciculatum, and Gigaspora decipiens	Drought	Enhancement in plant growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments	Pal and Pandey [33]
Digitaria eriantha	Rhizophagus irregularis	Drought	Enhancement in shoot dry weight, stomatal conductance, lipid peroxidation, and ROS in shoot and root	Pedranzani et al. [34]
Triticum durum	Rhizophagus intraradices	Drought	Increase in grain biomass, micronutrients, and gliadins in grains	Goicoechea and Antol and Goicoechea et al. [35, 36]
Poncirus trifoliate	Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum	Drought	Increased in root weight and length, higher fructose and glucose level but lower sucrose level, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity. Proline accumulation in roots	Zhang et al. [37]
Cupressus arizonica	Rhizophagus irregularis and; Funneliformis mosseae	Drought	Improved growth and water deficit-induced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde	Zhang et al. [38]
Ephedra foliata Boiss	Glomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Funneliformis mosseae	Drought	Increased antioxidant enzyme activity, proline, glucose, total soluble protein, and plant hormone levels, as well as improved nitrogen metabolism	Wu et al. [39]
Zea mays L.	Rhizophagus irregularis	Drought	AM plant roots had diamine oxidase, which converted put into aminobutyric acid (GABA)	Aalipour et al. [40]
Ceratonia siliqua	Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Entrophospora	Drought	Increase in plant growth, nutrient level, stomatal conductance PSII system, water content, and organic solutes and decrease in ROS and lipid peroxidation	Hu et al. [41]
Catalpa bungee C.A.Mey	Rhizophagus intraradices	Drought	Enhancement in water content, biomass, photosynthetic pigment plant hormones except ABA, and zeatin in leaves and decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves. Improved root morphology and increasing the glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) contents	Chen et al. [42]
Cinnamomum migao	Glomus lamellosum and Glomus etunicatum	Drought	Increase in antioxidant enzymes and osmoprotectants and reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the seedlings	Chen et al. [43]
Sesamum indicum L.	Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices	Drought	Enhancement of oil and seed yield, total soluble protein, phosphorus level in leaf, photosynthetic pigments, and unsaturated fatty acids and decrease in level of saturated fatty acids	Xiaofeng et al. [44]
Lonicera japonica Thunb.	Rhizophagus intraradices and Glomus versiforme	Cd	Lower levels of Cd in shoots and roots; roots have higher Cd concentrations than shoots but lower Cd concentrations than shoots	Gholinezhad and Darvishzadeh [45]
Solanum lycopersicum L.	Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum	Cd	Malonaldehyde and ROS levels are decreased; the immune system is strengthened, and Cd stress is well protected	Jiang et al. [46]
Cajanus cajan L.	Rhizophagus irregularis	Metals—cadmium and zinc	Root biomass, macro- and micronutrients, and proline formation all increased	Hashem et al. [47]
Zea mays L.	Glomus intraradices	Heavy metal: cadmium	Combined effects on soil alkalinization, Cd immobilisation, and Cd phytoavailability	Garg and Singh [48]
Trigonella foenumgraecum	Glomus monosporum, Glomus clarum, Gigaspora nigra, and Acaulospora laevis	Metals—cadmium	Enhacement in antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde content	Liu et al. [49]
Trigonella foenumgraecum	Glomus monosporum, Glomus clarum, and Gigaspora nigra	Cd	Phytostabilization	Abdelhameed and Rabab [50]
Glycine max	Rhizophagus irregularis	Cd	In both HX3 and HN89 plants, there are no impacts on the accumulation or translocation of Cd	Abdelhameed and Metwally [51]
Helianthus annuus	Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices	Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb, Co, Mo, Fe, and Si	Maximum amounts of glomalin and metal uptakes in the plant	Cui et al. [52]
Zea mays	Rhizophagus fasciculatus, Rhizophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae, and Glomus aggregatum	Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb	Phytoextraction	Sayın et al. [53]
Phragmites australis	Funneliformis mosseae	TiO2NPs	Ti is being more concentrated in the roots. Enhanced the accumulation of Ti in roots and altered the distribution of Ti in reeds	Singh et al. [54]
Cynodon dactylon	Funneliformis mosseae and Diversisporas purcum	Pb, Zn, and Cd	Modifications to the plant’s HM content and deposition traits	Xu et al. [55]
Medicago sativa	Glomus aggregatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus elunicatum, and Glomus versiforme	Cd	Alfalfa cultivated on Cd-polluted soil had less cadmium uptake	Zhan et al. [56]
Medicago truncatula	Rhizophagus irregularis	Pb	The amount of water-soluble Pb compound was reduced. AM injection reduced the amount of water-soluble Pb compound	Zhang et al. [57]
Phragmites australis	Rhizophagus irregularis	Cu	Phytorhizoremediation	Wu et al. [58]
Sorghum vulgare	Acaulospora fragilissima, Acaulospora saccata, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Pervetustus simplex, Rhizophagus neocaledonicus, Scutellospora ovalis, and Rhizophagus neocaledonicus	Heavy metal: ultramafic soils (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Co)	Increase in root colonization, root and shoot dried weight, and P content	Crossay et al. [59]
Solanum lycopersicum L.	Funneliformis mosseae	Cladosporium fulvum Cooke 1883	Total chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate rise with increasing fresh and dry weight	Wang et al. [60]
Saccharum offcinarum L.	Gigaspora margarita	G. etunicatum and Scutellospora fulgida	Increased plant biomass, plant growth, and plant physiological characteristics	Manjunatha et al. [61]
Astragalus adsurgens var. Shanxi Yulin	Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Glomus versiforme, and Funneliformis mosseae	Erysiphe pisi DC 1805	Boosted the shoot and root growth of standing milkvetch despite increasing susceptibility when they were present in the roots towards powdery mildew	Liu et al. [62]
Lycopersicon esculentum	Glomus spp.	Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici	Synthesis of antimicrobial compounds increased plant dry weight, growth, N, P, K, chlorophyll content, and yield	Kumari and Prabina [63]
Capsicum annum	Glomus spp.	Pythium aphanidermatum	Decreased infection and enhanced crop plant growth and yield	Kumari and Srimeena [64]
Glycine max (L.) Merr	Rhizophagus irregularis	Macrophomina phaseolina	Heighten the plant and increase the quantity of functional leaves	Spagnoletti et al. [65]