Research Article
Ureterorenoscopic (URS) Lithotripsy and Balloon Dilation Cause Acute Kidney Injury and Distal Renal Tubule Damage: A Prospective Study
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of the study population.
| | Negative control | Ureteral stricture (group 1) | Ureteral stone (group 2) | Staghorn stone (positive control) |
| | Number (%) | 13 (5.9) | 52 (23.6) | 141 (64.1) | 14 (6.4) | | Hydronephrosis, (%) | | | | | | Grade 0 | 13 (100) | 13 (25.0) | 5 (3.5) | 0 (0) | | Grade 1 | 0 (0) | 17 (32.7) | 61 (43.3) | 11 (78.6) | | Grade 2 | 0 (0) | 13 (25.0) | 58 (41.1) | 3 (21.4) | | Grade 3 | 0 (0) | 9 (17.3) | 17 (12.1) | 0 (0) | | Age, years, mean (SD) | 51.7 (2.6) | 53.0 (2.0) | 54.5 (1.1) | 59.1 (2.7) | | Gender, (%) | | | | | | Male | 8 (61.5) | 28 (53.8) | 101 (71.6) | 11 (78.6) | | Female | 5 (38.5) | 24 (46.2) | 40 (28.4) | 3 (21.4) | | eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 92.0 (6.6) | 87.0 (4.0) | 86.9 (3.5) | 85.1 (8.7) | | BMI, mean (SD) | 25.9 (1.2) | 24.6 (0.5) | 24.3 (2.1) | 24.5 (1.0) | | Stone size, cm, mean (SD) | - | - | 0.9 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.7) | | Location (stone or stricture), n (%) | | | | | | Upper | - | 31 (59.6) | 79 (56.0) | - | | Middle | - | 3 (5.8) | 42 (29.8) | - | | Lower | - | 18 (34.6) | 20 (14.2) | - |
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Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; U/O: urine output.
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