Prevalence of Child Functional Difficulties and Its Associated Factors in Bangladesh: An Application of Count Regression Model

Table 3

Negative binomial regression model for children aged 5 to 17 years.

Predictors	Male		Female
	IRR [95% CI]	value	IRR [95% CI]	value
Child age (in years)
5-9 (ref.)	1.00		1.00
10-14	1.27 [1.15–1.41	<0.001	1.39 [1.25–1.55	<0.001
15-17	1.41 [1.23–1.61	<0.001	1.77 [1.50–2.09	<0.001
Child education
No education (ref.)	1.00		1.00
ECE	0.2 [0.17–0.24]	<0.001	0.23 0.19–0.28]	<0.001
Primary	0.2 [0.17–0.23]	<0.001	0.15 [0.13–0.18]	<0.001
Secondary	0.15 [0.13–0.17]	<0.001	0.1 [0.09–0.12]	<0.001
Secondary+	0.12 [0.10–0.14]	<0.001	0.1 [0.08–0.13]	<0.001
Mother age (in years)
15-24 (ref.)	1.00		1.00
25-34	0.74 [0.61–0.88]	0.001	1.25 [1.03–1.52]	0.027
35+	0.62 [0.51–0.75]	<0.001	1.1 [0.89–1.35]	0.388
Child ever born
1 (ref.)	1.00		1.00
2-3	1.07 [0.93–1.24]	0.348	1.12 [0.95–1.31]	0.18
4+	1.21 [1.03–1.43]	0.023	1.16 [0.97–1.38]	0.1
Mother disability
Yes (ref.)	1.00		1.00
No	0.38 [0.32–0.45]	<0.001	0.37 [0.31–0.43]	<0.001
HH education level
Preprimary or none	1.12 [1.02–1.23]	0.023	1.04 [0.94–1.14]	0.463
Primary	1.1 [1.00–1.21]	0.049	1.01 [0.92–1.11]	0.795
Secondary+ (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Religion
Muslim	1.15 [1.00–1.33]	0.046	1.36 [1.17–1.57]	<0.001
Other (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Place of residence
Urban (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Rural	1.09 [0.98–1.20]	0.101	1.12 [1.01–1.24]	0.029
Wealth index
Poor	1.19 [0.83–1.02]	0.121	1.1 [0.96–1.18]	0.213
Middle	1.08 [0.90–1.11]	0.996	1.06 [0.89–1.10]	0.847
Rich (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Division
Barishal (ref.)	1.00		1.00
Chattogram	0.37 [0.32–0.43]	<0.001	0.46 [0.40–0.53]	<0.001
Dhaka	0.19 [0.17–0.23]	<0.001	0.24 [0.21–0.28]	<0.001
Khulna	0.2 [0.16–0.23]	<0.001	0.23 [0.20–0.28]	<0.001
Mymensingh	0.86 [0.73–1.02]	0.043	1.16 [0.99–1.36]	0.038
Rajshahi	0.49 [0.42–0.57]	<0.001	0.51 [0.44–0.60]	<0.001
Rangpur	0.14 [0.11–0.16]	<0.001	0.19 [0.16–0.23]	<0.001
Sylhet	0.09 [0.07–0.11]	<0.001	0.08 [0.06–0.10]	<0.001

ref.=reference category; HH = household head; ECE = early child education; IRR = incidence rate ratios.