Oral Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio Are Associated with Human Development Index in China, 1990–2019

Table 1

Number, crude, and standardised incidence rates, mortality, and MIR from oral cancer in China from 1990 to 2019.

Time	Gender	ASIR	ASMR	All age death numbers	All age incidence number	All age incidence rate	All age death rate	Mortality-to-incidence ratio
Low HDI	Both sex
1990		1.40	0.92	7403	12390	1.05	0.63	0.66
1991		1.41	0.92	7599	12807	1.07	0.63	0.65
1992		1.40	0.91	7716	13034	1.07	0.64	0.65
1993		1.41	0.91	7898	13427	1.10	0.64	0.65
1994		1.40	0.91	8056	13748	1.11	0.65	0.65
1995		1.40	0.90	8193	14078	1.13	0.66	0.64
1996		1.40	0.89	8329	14461	1.15	0.66	0.64
Medium HDI
1997		1.38	0.87	8418	14733	1.16	0.66	0.63
1998		1.38	0.87	8604	15168	1.18	0.67	0.62
1999		1.40	0.87	8915	15780	1.22	0.69	0.62
2000		1.44	0.89	9420	16684	1.28	0.72	0.62
2001		1.48	0.91	9897	17566	1.34	0.76	0.62
2002		1.53	0.93	10492	18650	1.42	0.80	0.61
2003		1.61	0.97	11290	20145	1.52	0.85	0.61
2004		1.69	1.01	12174	21884	1.65	0.92	0.60
2005		1.75	1.04	12881	23293	1.74	0.96	0.59
2006		1.80	1.06	13518	24678	1.84	1.01	0.59
2007		1.87	1.08	14302	26391	1.96	1.06	0.58
2008		1.96	1.12	15357	28553	2.11	1.13	0.57
2009		2.07	1.17	16548	31012	2.28	1.22	0.57
2010		2.19	1.23	17825	33718	2.47	1.31	0.56
High HDI
2011		2.27	1.26	18974	36029	2.63	1.39	0.56
2012		2.32	1.28	19899	37917	2.76	1.45	0.55
2013		2.33	1.28	20524	39304	2.84	1.49	0.55
2014		2.33	1.26	20873	40344	2.91	1.50	0.54
2015		2.29	1.23	21039	40823	2.93	1.51	0.54
2016		2.25	1.20	21349	41443	2.95	1.52	0.53
2017		2.24	1.18	21565	42375	3.00	1.53	0.53
2018		2.25	1.17	22044	43790	3.09	1.56	0.52
2019		2.25	1.16	22642	45216	3.18	1.59	0.52
Low HDI	Male
1990		1.68	1.23	4571	7055	1.16	0.75	0.73
1991		1.69	1.23	4692	7287	1.18	0.76	0.72
1992		1.68	1.22	4773	7431	1.19	0.76	0.72
1993		1.69	1.21	4891	7651	1.21	0.77	0.72
1994		1.69	1.21	5019	7861	1.23	0.78	0.72
1995		1.69	1.21	5128	8063	1.25	0.79	0.71
1996		1.69	1.20	5224	8285	1.27	0.80	0.71
Medium HDI
1997		1.69	1.19	5321	8508	1.29	0.81	0.70
1998		1.71	1.19	5488	8831	1.33	0.83	0.70
1999		1.74	1.21	5724	9262	1.39	0.86	0.69
2000		1.82	1.25	6165	10041	1.50	0.92	0.69
2001		1.91	1.29	6598	10821	1.61	0.98	0.68
2002		2.01	1.35	7147	11816	1.74	1.06	0.67
2003		2.17	1.43	7871	13134	1.93	1.16	0.66
2004		2.34	1.53	8672	14629	2.14	1.27	0.65
2005		2.47	1.59	9325	15871	2.32	1.36	0.65
2006		2.56	1.63	9899	17039	2.48	1.44	0.64
2007		2.70	1.70	10618	18503	2.68	1.54	0.63
2008		2.89	1.80	11589	20386	2.94	1.67	0.62
2009		3.11	1.92	12673	22504	3.23	1.82	0.62
2010		3.35	2.03	13831	24833	3.56	1.98	0.61
High HDI
2011		3.52	2.12	14896	26897	3.84	2.13	0.60
2012		3.64	2.18	15787	28654	4.07	2.24	0.60
2013		3.69	2.19	16342	29836	4.23	2.31	0.59
2014		3.67	2.15	16591	30576	4.31	2.34	0.59
2015		3.60	2.10	16679	30854	4.33	2.34	0.58
2016		3.53	2.06	16847	31167	4.35	2.35	0.58
2017		3.49	2.00	16901	31635	4.40	2.35	0.57
2018		3.48	1.97	17197	32532	4.50	2.38	0.57
2019		3.48	1.95	17608	33479	4.62	2.43	0.56
Low HDI	Female
1990		1.17	0.69	2833	5335	0.93	0.49	0.59
1991		1.18	0.69	2908	5521	0.95	0.50	0.58
1992		1.17	0.68	2942	5603	0.96	0.50	0.58
1993		1.18	0.68	3007	5775	0.98	0.51	0.57
1994		1.17	0.66	3037	5887	0.98	0.51	0.57
1995		1.16	0.65	3065	6014	1.00	0.51	0.56
1996		1.16	0.64	3105	6175	1.01	0.51	0.55
Medium HDI
1997		1.13	0.62	3097	6225	1.01	0.50	0.55
1998		1.12	0.61	3116	6338	1.02	0.50	0.54
1999		1.12	0.60	3192	6518	1.04	0.51	0.54
2000		1.12	0.60	3255	6643	1.05	0.52	0.54
2001		1.11	0.59	3299	6745	1.06	0.52	0.54
2002		1.10	0.59	3345	6834	1.07	0.52	0.53
2003		1.10	0.58	3419	7011	1.09	0.53	0.53
2004		1.11	0.58	3502	7255	1.12	0.54	0.52
2005		1.11	0.57	3556	7422	1.14	0.55	0.52
2006		1.11	0.56	3619	7639	1.17	0.55	0.51
2007		1.11	0.56	3683	7889	1.20	0.56	0.50
2008		1.12	0.55	3768	8167	1.24	0.57	0.49
2009		1.13	0.55	3876	8508	1.28	0.58	0.48
2010		1.15	0.55	3994	8885	1.33	0.60	0.48
High HDI
2011		1.15	0.54	4078	9132	1.36	0.61	0.47
2012		1.13	0.52	4112	9263	1.38	0.61	0.47
2013		1.12	0.52	4181	9468	1.40	0.62	0.46
2014		1.12	0.51	4282	9768	1.44	0.63	0.45
2015		1.11	0.50	4360	9969	1.46	0.64	0.45
2016		1.11	0.50	4503	10275	1.50	0.66	0.45
2017		1.13	0.50	4664	10740	1.55	0.67	0.44
2018		1.15	0.50	4848	11258	1.62	0.70	0.44
2019		1.16	0.50	5034	11737	1.68	0.72	0.43

Times were categorised into four groups as per HDI value in 2019: very high (HDI>0.800), high (0.700 < HDI <0.799), medium (0.550 < HDI<0.699), and low (HDI<0.550). Data source: Global burden of disease 2019 study. Data source: MIR was calculated by the author using ASMR and ASIR data of oral cancer from the GBD 2019 study, and HDI data was procured from the UNDP database.