The Effect of Flowable Composite Resins on Periodontal Health, Cytokine Levels, and Immunoglobulins
Table 3
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volumes, interleukin (IL-1, IL-1β, and IL-10), immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM), and cytokine (osteoprotegerin (OPG)) levels before and after treatment obtained from the study levels at 1-week and 1-month follow-ups.
Biochemical parameter
Flowable composite materials
Vertise flow (VF)
Nexcomp flow (NF)
Nova Compo SF (SF)
Evaluation periods
Pre-T.
Post-T.
1 week
1 month
Pre-T.
Post-T.
1 week
1 month
Pre-T.
Post-T.
1 week
1 month
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume (pg/ml)
0.95 (0.02)
1.20 (0.07)
1.38 (0.06)a
1.08 (0.06)
0.98 (0.03)
1.30 (0.07)
1.21 (0.15)a
1.09 (0.08)
0.98 (0.07)
1.18 (0.07)
1.34 (0.09)
1.12 (0.12)
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) (pg/ml)
31.58 (5.66)
129.84 (11.16)
115.88b (11.59)
57.49c (7.72)
32.28 (6.84)
137.27 (11.01)
170.21b (11.60)
82.79c (8.72)
33.47 (4.68)
119.68 (9.98)
92.39b (8.27)
36.32c (8.32)
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (pg/ml)
7.83 (1.75)
35.97 (4.65)
17.72d (4.42)
9.23e (1.68)
8.19 (1.20)
39.44 (6.31)
31.00d (6.67)
16.26e (1.93)
7.41 (2.13)
36.55 (4.48)
18.23d (3.22)
8.74e (1.76)
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (pg/ml)
4.76 (0.82)
14.45 (0.84)
5.79 (0.29)
5.50 (0.21)
5.16 (0.81)
12.85 (0.62)
6.04 (0.94)
5.84 (0.67)
5.15 (0.94)
14.15 (0.65)
5.50 (0.10)
5.18 (0.14)
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) (mg/ml)
2.56 (0.51)
2.68 (0.30)
2.72 (0.38)
2.58 (0.14)
2.61 (0.42)
2.70 (0.22)
2.59 (0.20)
2.45 (0.20)
2.48 (0.28)
2.65 (0.25)
2.56 (0.33)
2.44 (0.15)
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) (mg/ml)
0.93 (0.22)
1.35 (0.29)
0.94 (0.51)
0.92 (0.05)
0.92 (0.18)
1.23 (0.20)
0.94 (0.26)
1.00 (0.20)
0.98 (0.21)
1.13 (0.29)
1.02 (0.28)
0.96 (0.22)
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) (pg/ml)
71.68 (6.22)
108.18 (10.92)
140.55f (9.65)
179.99 g (18.86)
75.48 (8.19)
112.41 (7.94)
134.90f (13.14)
166.50g (15.96)
69.14 (5.81)
109.51 (11.84)
153.55f (19.42)
184.66g (11.48)
Standard deviations are given in parentheses. Different superscript letters indicate statistical differences between groups (). Values written in italics indicate positive correlations before and after treatment.
