Public Health Practitioners’ Knowledge towards Nicotine and Other Cigarette Components on Various Human Diseases in Pakistan: A Contribution to Smoking Cessation Policies

Table 13

Contribution of nicotine to diseases: differences between male and female practitioners.

Disease	Male ()	Female ()
	(%)	(%)
Nicotine causes cancer
Strongly agree	160 (66.7)	83 (77.6)	0.02
Somewhat agree	44 (18.3)	18 (16.8)
Somewhat disagree	3 (1.3)	2 (1.9)
Strongly disagree	31 (12.9)	3 (2.8)
Do not know	2 (0.8)	1 (0.9)
Nicotine causes cardiovascular
Strongly agree	187 (77.9)	90 (84.1)	0.12
Somewhat agree	29 (12.1)	15 (14)
Somewhat disagree	4 (1.7)	1 (0.9)
Strongly disagree	16 (6.7)	0 (0)
Do not know	4 (1.7)	1 (0.9)
Nicotine causes birth defects
Strongly agree	139 (57.9)	75 (70.1)	0.03
Somewhat agree	57 (23.8)	18 (16.8)
Somewhat disagree	8 (3.3)	6 (5.6)
Strongly disagree	23 (9.6)	5 (4.7)
Do not know	13 (5.4)	3 (2.8)
Nicotine causes COPD
Strongly agree	186 (77.5)	97 (90.7)	0.00
Somewhat agree	23 (9.6)	9 (8.4)
Somewhat disagree	5 (2.1)	1 (0.9)
Strongly disagree	23 (9.6)	0 (0)
Do not know	3 (1.3)	0 (0)

at 1% of value, at 5% of value, at 10% of value.