Prevention of Hepatorenal Insufficiency Associated with Lead Exposure by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Beverages Using In Vivo Assay

Table 3

Effects of Roselle red calyx beverages on lead, ALAD, and oxidative stress markers in liver and kidney tissues of lead-intoxicated versus normal rats.

Parameters	Normal control	Lead-intoxicated	Lead-intoxicated+CRB	Lead-intoxicated+HRB	value
L. Pb (μg/g tissue)	^a	^d	^b	^c	<0.001
L. ALAD (U/mg protein)	^d	^a	^c	^b	<0.001
L. MDA (nmol/mg)	^a	^b	^a	^b	0.001
L. NO (μmol/mg)	^b	^a	^ab	^a	0.018
L. TAC (ng/ml)	^b	^a	^b	^a	<0.001
K. Pb (μg/g tissue)	^a	^c	^b	^b	<0.001
K. ALAD (U/mg protein)	^d	^a	^c	^b	<0.001
K. MDA (nmol/mg)	^a	^c	^b	^b	<0.001
K. NO (μmol/mg)	^b	^a	^b	^b	<0.001
K. TAC (ng/ml)	^b	^a	^d	^c	<0.001

Results are expressed as . Significance level at . Similar letters are implying partial or complete nonsignificance. CRB: cold Roselle beverage; HRB: hot Roselle beverage; L. Pb: liver lead; L. ALAD: liver delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; L. MDA: liver malondialdehyde; L. NO: liver nitric oxide; L. TAC: liver total antioxidant capacity; K. Pb: kidney lead; K. ALAD: kidney delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; K. MDA: kidney malondialdehyde; K. NO: kidney nitric oxide; K. TAC: kidney total antioxidant capacity.