Research Article
A Machine Learning Approach Using XGBoost Predicts Lung Metastasis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
Table 1
Demographical and clinical characteristics between patients with lung metastases and patients without lung metastases.
| | Variables | All patients () | Patients with lung metastases () | Patients without lung metastases () | value |
| | Age | 59 (50-68) | 62 (54-59) | 59 (50-68) | <0.001 | | Race | | | | 0.192 | | White | 13223 (82.3%) | 327 (79.6%) | 12896 (82.4%) | | | Black | 1057 (6.6%) | 33 (8.0%) | 1024 (6.5%) | | | Other (American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander) | 1711 (10.7%) | 51 (12.4%) | 1660 (10.6%) | | | Unknown | 68 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 68 (0.4%) | | | Marital status | | | | 0.170 | | Unmarried | 3377 (21.0%) | 84 (20.4%) | 3293 (21.0%) | | | Married | 8549 (53.2%) | 226 (55.0%) | 8323 (53.2%) | | | Separated | 3486 (21.7%) | 93 (22.6%) | 3393 (21.7%) | | | Unknown | 647 (4.0%) | 8 (1.9%) | 639 (4.1%) | | | Insurance status | | | | 0.932 | | Uninsured | 561 (3.5%) | 13 (3.2%) | 548 (3.5%) | | | Insured | 15337 (95.5%) | 394 (95.9%) | 14943 (95.5%) | | | Unknown | 161 (1.0%) | 4 (1.0%) | 157 (1.0%) | | | Tumor size | | | | 0.139 | | <2 cm | 1305 (8.1%) | 40 (9.7%) | 1265 (8.1%) | | | 2-5 cm | 2678 (16.7%) | 79 (19.2%) | 2678 (16.7%) | | | >5 cm | 12076 (75.2%) | 292 (71.0%) | 12076 (75.2%) | | | Laterality | | | | <0.001 | | Left | 4947 (30.8%) | 107 (26.0%) | 4840 (30.9%) | | | Right | 5109 (31.8%) | 92 (22.4%) | 5017 (32.1%) | | | Bilateral | 6003 (37.4%) | 212 (51.6%) | 5791 (37.0%) | | | Grade | | | | <0.001 | | Well differentiated | 2011 (12.5%) | 9 (2.2%) | 2002 (12.8%) | | | Moderate differentiated | 2758 (17.2%) | 35 (8.5%) | 2723 (17.4%) | | | Poor differentiated | 6395 (39.8%) | 200 (48.7%) | 6195 (39.6%) | | | Undifferentiated | 4895 (30.5%) | 167 (40.6%) | 472 (30.2%) | | | AJCC T stage | | | | <0.001 | | T1 | 5500 (34.2%) | 28 (6.8%) | 5472 (35.0%) | | | T2 | 2552 (15.9%) | 51 (12.4%) | 2501 (16.0%) | | | T3 | 8007 (49.9%) | 332 (80.8%) | 7675 (49.0%) | | | AJCC N stage | | | | <0.001 | | N0 | 12514 (78.0%) | 239 (58.2%) | 12275 (78.4%) | | | N1 | 3545 (22.1%) | 172 (41.8%) | 3373 (21.6%) | | | Bone metastasis | | | | <0.001 | | Yes | 54 (0.3%) | 17 (4.1%) | 37 (0.2%) | | | No | 16005 (99.7%) | 394 (95.9%) | 15611 (99.8%) | | | Brain metastasis | | | | 0.017 | | Yes | 15 (0.1%) | 4 (1.0%) | 11 (0.1%) | | | No | 16044 (99.9%) | 407 (99.0%) | 15637 (99.9%) | | | Liver metastasis | | | | <0.001 | | Yes | 572 (3.6%) | 97 (23.6%) | 475 (3.0%) | | | No | 15487 (97.4%) | 314 (76.4%) | 15173 (97.0%) | | | Histological type | | | | <0.001 | | Serous | 8644 (53.8%) | 289 (70.3%) | 8355 (53.4%) | | | Endometrioid | 2367 (14.7%) | 20 (4.9%) | 2347 (15.0%) | | | Mucinous | 1071 (6.7%) | 6 (1.5%) | 1065 (6.8%) | | | Clear cell | 1124 (7.0%) | 11 (2.7%) | 1113 (7.1%) | | | Carcinosarcoma | 515 (3.2%) | 22 (5.4%) | 493 (3.2%) | | | Malignant Brenner | 18 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (0.1%) | | | Carcinoma, NOS | 516 (3.2%) | 26 (6.3%) | 490 (3.1%) | | | Mixed | 1140 (7.1%) | 23 (5.6%) | 1117 (7.1%) | | | Other | 664 (4.1%) | 14 (3.4%) | 650 (4.2%) | |
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