Accuracy and Safety of Robot-Assisted versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Posterior C1 Lateral Mass and C2 Pedicle Screw Internal Fixation for Atlantoaxial Dislocation: A Preliminary Study

Figure 4

Case presentation. A 65-year-old female patient presented with a 3-year-long history of progressive dizzy, numbness, and weakness of extremities. (a, b) X-ray and CT examinations indicated os odontoideum and atlantoaxial instability (white arrows). (c) Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated a high signal intensity in the medulla oblongata. (d) No changes in VA course were observed in the 3D-CTA images. (e) The working principles of the TiRobot system. (f) Surgical planning of trajectories in the TiRobot system. (g) Robot-assisted insertion of C1LMS and C2PS. (h–j) X-ray, CT, and MRI images at 3 months postsurgery demonstrated that dislocation was repaired, compression was released, and there were no perforations of the screws.

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