Research Article

Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on Drug-Related Problems among Elderly Patients Admitted to Medical Wards of Northwest Ethiopia Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals: A Multicenter Prospective, Observational Study

Table 5

Drug-drug interaction among elderly patients admitted to medical ward of UoGCSH, DTCSH, FHCSH, TGCSH, and DMCSH, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2021.

DrugsFrequencySeverityRisk of interaction

Atorvastatin + cimetidine22MajorIncrease the level of anticoagulation
Omeprazole + clopidogrel18MajorDecrease effect of clopidogrel
Ceftriaxone + heparin15MajorIncrease effect of atorvastatin
Warfarin + metronidazole11MajorIncrease bleeding risk
Cimetidine + clopidogrel11MajorDecrease effect of clopidogrel
Warfarin + cimetidine8MajorIncrease effect of warfarin
Digoxin + nifedipine7SignificantIncrease the level of digoxin
Azithromycin + heparin6MajorIncrease effect of heparin
Omeprazole +digoxin6MajorIncrease risk of digoxin level
Digoxin + azithromycin6MajorIncrease level of digoxin
Morphine + clopidogrel6MajorDecrease effect of clopidogrel
Azithromycin + warfarin5MajorIncrease effect of warfarin
Warfarin + ciprofloxacin5MajorIncrease the effect of ciprofloxacin
Aspirin + enalapril5MajorDecrease renal function
Enalapril + NPH5SignificantIncrease effect of insulin
Warfarin + heparin3MajorBoth increase anticoagulation
Dexamethasone + cimetidine3MajorIncrease level of dexamethasone
Digoxin + metoprolol3MajorIncrease risk of braycardia
Cimetidine + hydrocortisone2MajorIncrease effect of hydrocortisone
Dexamethasone + rifampicin2MajorDecrease effect of dexamethasone
Morphine + tramadol1MajorIncrease dependency
Omeprazole + isoniazid1MajorIncrease effect of omeprazole
Spironolactone + potassium chloride1MajorRisk of hyperkalemia
Omeprazole + rifampicin1MajorDecrease effect of omeprazole
Haloperidol + ondansetron1MajorBoth increase QT interval