Protein PEGylation: Navigating Recombinant Protein Stability, Aggregation, and Bioactivity

Table 1

Summary of protein enhancement systems and their benefits.

Protein enhancement system(s)	Subsystems	Benefits
Protein PEGylation	(i) Covalent; (ii) Noncovalent	↑Solubility [44]; ↑Aggregation [2]; ↓Toxicity [45]; ↓Immunogenicity [46]; ↑Half-life [47]; ↑Thermal stability [23]
Coexpression	(i) Chaperone molecules	↑Folding [37]; ↓Aggregation [48]; ↑Costability [49]; ↑Protein interactions [50]; ↑Biological activity [51]; ↑Thermal stability [48]; ↑Solubility [51]
Protein encapsulation	(i) Liposomal encapsulation	↑Efficacy [52]; ↓Cost [53]; ↓Immunogenicity [54]; ↑Stability [55]; ↑Permeability [43]; ↑Specificity [56]