Malondialdehyde and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Small for Gestational Age Newborns from Hypertensive and Preeclamptic Pregnancies

Table 1

Demographic data and perinatal characteristics of small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants, as well as their mothers. Additionally, laboratory findings of blood gas analysis of the samples from the umbilical cord are also shown. Results are presented as medians and 95% confidence intervals or percentage values.

Investigated group	SGA group; ()	AGA group; ()	value
Mothers
(i) Age (years)	32 [28-33]	30 [27-31]	0.25
(ii) Primigravida (no.; %)	17; 63.0%	14; 66.7%	0.81
Perinatal history
(i) Hypertension (no.; %)	12; 66.7%	6; 33.3%	0.04
(ii) Preeclampsia (no.; %)	6; 22.2%	0	0.44
(iii) Thyroid diseases (no.; %)	9; 33.3%	8; 38.1%	0.73
Neonates
(i) Gestational age (weeks)	36 [36-37]	36 [35-38]	0.14
(ii) Gender: female (no.; %)	14; 51.9%	12; 57.1%	0.75
(iii) Birth weight (g)	2210.0 [1940.0-2340.0]	2450.0 [2150.0-2900.0]	0.05
Postnatal complication
(i) Perinatal asphyxia (no.; %)	7; 25.9%	5; 23.8%	0.91
(ii) Hypothermia (no.; %)	18; 66.7%	6; 28.6%	0.04
(iii) Hypoglycemia (no.; %)	12; 44.4%	4; 19.0%	0.16
(iv) Respiratory disorder (no.; %)	7; 25.9%	3; 14.3%	0.45
(v) Peri-intraventricular
Hemorrhage (no., %)	7; 25.9%	3; 14.3%	0.45
Laboratory findings
(i) Lactate levels (mmol/L)	4.1 [3.1-4.6]	3.4 [2.6-5.1]	0.31
(ii) pH (no.; %)	6; 22.2%	4; 19.0%	0.71