The Influence of Reducing Disease Activity Score on Cervical Spine Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Prevalence of cervical spine deformity.

		%	[range]	Disease duration (yr) [range]	Disease activity score	RA severity (Steinbrocker I:II:III:IV) at baseline	Radiological evaluation	Follow-up (mos) [range]
	Correlation between cervical deformity on cervical spine radiographs and disease activity from baseline to follow-up
Neva (2000) [18]	176	63		0.6 [0.2-1.8]	DAS28-ESR #	Early onset	X cerv (at FU)	24
Kauppi (2009) [19]	149	66	48	0.5 [0.3-0.8]	DAS28-ESR #	Early onset	X cerv	60
Kanayama (2010) [6]	47	77			DAS28-ESR	2 : 9 : 22 : 14	X cerv	12
Blom (2013) [20]	196	64		Max 12 Mos	DAS28-ESR	Early onset	X cerv	144
Kaito (2019) [16]	101	83	[31-75]	10,7 [0.3–42]	DAS28-CRP	5 : 20 : 41 : 35	X cerv	53 [24-96]
Horita 2019 [21]	49	90	59 [30-81]	17.5 [1-46]	DAS28-CRP	0 : 0 : 13 : 36	X cerv	39 [12-69]
Sandstrom (2020) [22]	85	67		4	DAS28-ESR		X cerv	120
	Correlation between cervical deformity on cervical spine radiographs and DAS-28 in a cross-sectional manner
Neva (2003) [24]	103	67	45-54	0.5	DAS28-ESR	Early onset	X cerv	96-156 (##)
Younes (2009) [23]	40	78			DAS28-CRP		X cerv/MRI cerv	Cross sectional
Takahashi 2014 [7]	220	83	64 [25-84]	11.1 [0.1-57.2]	DAS28-CRP	21 : 26 : 35 : 18	X cerv	Cross sectional
	Correlation between presence of atlantoaxial synovitis on MRI and DAS-28
Zoli (2011) [25]	20	85	54	0.5	DAS	Early onset	MRI cerv	18
Rotti (2019) [26]	50	74	58.2 [36-79]	0.8 [0.41-1]	DAS	Early onset	MRI cerv	Cross sectional

Overview of patient demographics in the studies. MRI was performed with a 1.5 Tesla machine producing fast spin-echo T1-weighted images with fat suppression, with [25] or without [26] intravenous contrast. The MRI scan allowed assessment of the presence of synovitis and erosive joint damage in the upper cervical region. (#) Calculated with DAS28 calculator using the number of swollen joints, number of tender joints, and ESR, (##) recruited in the database 8 to 13 years before; at that time, they were diagnosed with RA 5.6 to 6.4 months before. na: not applicable.