Neurological Effects of Combining Low Toxic Dose of Tramadol and Nicotine: An Animal Model Evidence of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Figure 2

Sections of the brain hippocampus of six groups showing dilated congested blood vessels in G1(high-dose tramadol) (green arrows) and increased degenerated neural cells in G2 (low-dose tramadol) and G4 (Nicotine) (×100,400,400,400,400,400, respectively).