Radial Nerve Palsy Associated with Humeral Shaft Fractures in Children

Table 5

Particular list of patients.

	Sex/age	Fracture classification	Trauma	Nerve damage	Surgical treatment	Outcome	Detailed outcome
1.1	Boy/14 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	NA	Secondary/neuropraxia	Expectant observation	Recovery
1.2	Boy/15 years	Close/simple spiral/distal thirds; 12A1c	NA	Primary/neuropraxia	Expectant observation	Recovery
1.3	Boy/16 years	Close/simple transverse/distal thirds; 12A3c	NA	Primary/neuropraxia	Expectant observation	Recovery
1.4	Boy/6 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	NA	Secondary/neuropraxia	Expectant observation	Recovery
1.5	Girl/13 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	NA	Primary/neuropraxia	Expectant observation	Recovery
1.6	Boy/14 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	NA	Primary/neuropraxia	Expectant observation	Recovery
1.7	Boy/13 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	NA	Secondary/bruising	Nerve exploration with neurolysis 1 day after injury	Recovery
1.8	Boy/16 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	NA	Primary/neurotmesis	Nerve exploration with neurorrhaphy 92 days after injury	Recovery
1.9	Boy/15 years	Close/simple oblique/distal thirds; 12A2c	NA	Primary/neurotmesis	Nerve exploration with neurorrhaphy 1 day after injury	No recovery
1.10	Girl/15 years	Close/simple spiral/distal thirds; 12A1c	NA	Secondary/intact	Nerve exploration 1 day after injury	Recovery
2.1	Boy/11 years	Close/distal thirds; NA	NA	Primary/neurotmesis	CRIF/K-wires nerve surgery 15 months after injury (nerve lost >10 cm)	No recovery	Wrist M0; Fingers M0; Thumb M0
2.2	Boy/4 years	Close/distal thirds; NA	NA	Primary/callus entrapment	CRIF/K-wires nerve reconstruction with a sural nerve cable graft (3×) 2 months after injury	Recovery after 15 months after injury	Wrist M5; Fingers M4; Thumb M4
2.3	Girl/18 years	Close/middle thirds; NA	NA	Primary/fibrosis	CRIF/Hackethal nail; Late nerve exploration with neurolysis 3 months after injury	Recovery after 24 months after injury	Wrist M4; Fingers M4; Thumb M3
2.4	Boy/4 years	Close/distal thirds; NA	NA	Primary/fibrosis	CRIF/Hackethal nail; Late nerve exploration with neurolysis 3 months after injury	Recovery 12 months after injury	Wrist M5; Fingers M5; Thumb M5
3.1	Boy/17 years	Open IIIA wg GA; NA	High-energy trauma/motor vehicle accident	Primary/laceration	ORIF/compression plate + nerve exploration with neurorrhaphy	Recovery	Wrist M5; Fingers M5; Thumb M5
4.1	Girl/3 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	High-energy trauma/motor vehicle accident	Primary/neurotmesis	Nerve reconstruction with a sural nerve cable graft (3×) 3 months after injury	Recovery 6 months after surgery	Wrist M5; Fingers M5; Thumb M5
5.1	Boy/8 years	Close/simple transverse/distal thirds; 12A3c	High-energy trauma/car accident	Secondary/entrapment between bone fragments	ORIF/DCP plate + early nerve exploration with neurorrhaphy	Recovery	Excellent motor function
5.2	Girl/16 years	Close/simple spiral/distal thirds; 12A1c	High-energy trauma/car accident	Primary/compression	ORIF/DCP plate + early nerve exploration with neurolysis	Recovery	Excellent motor function
5.3	Girl/17 years	Close/simple transverse/distal thirds; 12A3b	High-energy trauma/fall from hight-1	Primary/compression	ORIF/DCP plate + early nerve exploration with neurolysis	Recovery	Excellent motor function
5.4	Boy/16 years	Close/simple spiral/distal thirds; 12A1c	High-energy trauma/car accident	Primary/compression	ORIF/DCP plate + early nerve exploration with neurolysis	Recovery	Excellent motor function
6.1	Girl/10.2 years	Open IIIA wg GA; NA	High-energy trauma/terrain vehicle accident	Primary/neuropraxia	ORIF/FIN; Neurolysis	Spontaneous recovery after 4 months
6.2	Girl/9.1 years	Open IIIB wg GA; Simple transverse/distal thirds; 12A3c	High-energy trauma/motor vehicle accident	Primary/neurotmesis	ORIF/FIN + neurorrhaphy. -1 and tendon transfer because of failure	Tendon transfer because of failure 12 months after injury	Wrist M0; Fingers M0; Thumb M0
7.1	Boy/12 years	Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	High-energy trauma/motor vehicle accident	Secondary (4 days after reposition)/stretched over sharp bone fragment	Nerve exploration with neurolysis 16 days after injury.	Recovery after 6 weeks	Wrist M5; Fingers M5; Thumb M5
8.1	9 years	Open/simple transverse/distal thirds; 12A3c	NA	Primary/entrapment between bone fragments	Nerve reconstruction with a sural nerve cable graft (3×) 6 months after injury.	Recovery	Wrist M4; Fingers M4; Thumb M4
9.1		Close/simple spiral/distal thirds; 12A1c	High-energy trauma/high-speed dirt bike	Primary/neuropraxia	Nonoperative treatment/expectant observation	Spontaneous recovery after 3 weeks
9.2		Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	High-energy trauma/motor vehicle accident	Primary/neuropraxia	Nonoperative treatment/expectant observation	Spontaneous recovery
9.3		Close/simple transverse/middle thirds; 12A3b	High-energy trauma/motor vehicle accident	Primary/neuropraxia	Nonoperative treatment/expectant observation	Spontaneous recovery
10.1	Boy/8.6 years	Close/simple spiral/middle thirds; AO 12A1b	Low-energy trauma	Primary/neuropraxia	CRIF/FIN; Expectant observation	Spontaneous recovery after 2.5 months
10.2	Girl/16.3 years	Close/simple oblique/distal thirds; AO 12A2c	High-energy trauma/fall from 8 meters	Primary/neurotmesis	ORIF/titan plate + nerve reconstruction with a sural nerve cable graft (3×)	Recovery after 7.5 months	Wrist M4; Fingers M4; Thumb M4
10.3	Boy/13.5 years	Close/simple transverse/distal thirds; AO 12A3c	Low-energy trauma	Secondary/entrapment between bone fragments	ORIF/titan plate + nerve exploration 23 days after injury – 2 days after nerve palsy	Recovery after 3.3 months	Wrist M4; Fingers M4; Thumb M4
10.4	Boy/17.2 years	Open GA 1/intact wedge/distal thirds; AO 12B2c	High-energy trauma/fall from 6 meters	Primary/entrapment between bone fragments	CRIF/external fixator; ORIF/titan plate + nerve exploration 16 days after injury	Recovery after 4.6 months	Wrist M4; Fingers M4; Thumb M4
10.5	Boy/12.3 years	Open GA 2/simple transverse/distal thirds; AO 12A3c	High-energy trauma/hit by a car	Primary/neurotmesis	ORIF/FIN; With no nerve exploration due to wound contamination; Implant removal + nerve reconstruction with a sural nerve cable graft (3×) 4.5 months after injury	Recovery 5.5 months after nerve reconstruction/15.5 months after injury!	Wrist M4; Fingers M4; Thumb M4

NA: not available; CRIF: close reduction and internal fixation; ORIF: open reduction and internal fixation; FIN: flexible intramedullary nailing; DCP: dynamic compression plate; BMRC: British Medical Research Council Rating Scale; GA: Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification scale.