Dickkopf 4 Alone and in Combination with Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Good Prognostic Biomarker for Human Colorectal Cancer

Table 3

Death hazard ratios of DKK4 expression and clinical characteristics based on OS.

Characteristics	Univariate	Multivariate analysis
	value	HR	(95% CI)	value
Age (<65 vs. ≥65)	0.291	—	—	—
Gender (male vs. female)	0.148	—	—	—
Grade	0.959	—	—	—
Size	0.054	—	—	—
Location	0.464	—	—	—
DKK 4 expression
Low vs. high	0.044	1.72	0.93-3.16	0.081
Tumor invasion
T4	<0.001	2.60	0.95-7.10	0.063
N stage
2	<0.001	3.48	1.61-7.58	0.002
LN metastasis
(+)	0.014	4.88	1.24-19.18	0.023
TNM stage
III+IV	0.005	1.38	0.28-6.85	0.697
Metastasis
(+)	<0.001	4.79	1.90-12.10	0.001

Abbreviations: DKK4: Dickkopf 4; LN: lymph node; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. Univariate analysis was performed by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis retained only statistically significant () prognostic factors in the Cox regression model. The variables tested were N stage, LN metastasis, TNM stage, metastasis, and DKK4 expression. , , and .