Dickkopf 4 Alone and in Combination with Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Good Prognostic Biomarker for Human Colorectal Cancer

Table 5

Death hazard ratio of combined LARS and DKK4 expressions based on OS.

Characteristics	Univariate		value	Multivariate		value
	HR	(95% CI)		HR	(95% CI)
Expression
L(L)D(L)	1.19	(0.61, 2.94)	0.462	1.37	(0.62, 3.02)	0.443
L(L)D(H)	1.06	(0.44, 2.57)	0.898	1.49	(0.59, 3.75)	0.397
L(H)D(L)	2.92	(1.34, 6.40)	0.007	2.75	(1.21, 6.25)	0.015
L(H)D(H)	Ref.			Ref.
Tumor invasion
T4	4.96	(2.11, 11.70)	<0.001	2.51	(0.92, 6.85)	0.073
LN metastasis
(+)	1.98	(1.14, 3.45)	0.016	3.74	(0.81, 17.21)	0.091
N stage
2	4.02	(2.13, 7.58)	<0.001	3.66	(1.69, 7.94)	0.001
1	3.61	(1.69, 7.69)	0.001
TNM stage
III+IV	2.21	(1.26, 3.87)	0.006	1.54	(0.24, 6.21)	0.799
Metastasis
(+)	6.09	(3.03, 12.24)	<0.001	4.92	(1.95, 12.39)	0.001

Abbreviations: LARS: leucyl-tRNA synthetase; DKK4: Dickkopf 4; L(L)D(L): LARS (low) DKK4 (low); L(L)D(H): LARS (low) DKK4 (high); L(H)D(L): LARS (high) DKK4 (low); L(H)D(H): LARS (high) DKK4 (high); OS: overall survival; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. Univariate analysis was performed by Cox regression analysis. Multivariate analysis retained only the statistically significant () prognostic factors in the Cox regression model. The variables tested were lymph node metastasis, N stage, TNM stage, and the expression of LARS and DKK4 in combination. , , and .