Antibiotic-Potentiating Effect of Some Bioactive Natural Products against Planktonic Cells, Biofilms, and Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Table 1

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) ranges and geometric means of antibiotics and natural products against 37 or 19 isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Antimicrobial agents	MIC^†		MBC^†		MBIC^††		MBEC^††
	Range	G-mean	Range	G-mean	Range	G-mean	Range	G-mean
Amikacin	1-16	7.08	8-128	45.68	16-128	45.47	64-512	330.11
Paromomycin	>256	-	>256	-	256-1024	592.84	>2048	-
Streptomycin	>256	-	>256	-	256-1024	565.89	>2048	-
Neomycin	8-128	67.69	>256	-	256-1024	592.84	>2048	-
Ceftazidime	2-128	28	16-128	56.73	64-256	175.16	512-1024	815.16
Norfloxacin	2-16	7.47	16-128	48.43	16-256	106.95	256-1024	619.79
Curcumin	64-1024	417.68	512-1024	905.85	128-2048	565.89	>2048	-
Piperine	>1024	-	>1024	-	>2048	-	>2048	-
Plumbagin	128-1024	644.92	>1024	-	1024-2048	-	>2048	-
Thymol	>1024	-	>1024	-	256-1024	464.84	>2048	-
Quercetin	32-128	77.47	128-1024	494.93	16-128	52.21	128-256	195.37
Sinapic acid	16-64	27.79	128-1024	370.53	32-128	74.11	128-512	303.16

^†Against 38 isolates. ^††Against 19 isolates. G-mean: geometric mean; -: not determined.