Association between Gestational Weight Gain and Maternal and Birth Outcomes in Northern Ghana
Table 4
Multinomial logistic regression showing the determinants of gestational weight gain among pregnant women using normal weight gain as the base outcome category.
Determinants
Gestational weight gain
Inadequate weight gain
Excessive weight gain
AOR (95% CI)
value
AOR (95% CI)
value
Age of mother (years)
Below 20
ref
ref
20-29
0.52 (0.13-2.07)
0.353
0.25 (0.02-2.85)
0.267
30-39
0.43 (0.09-1.87)
0.259
0.23 (0.02-3.25)
0.277
40 and above
0.92 (0.12-7.36)
0.939
1.27 (0.05-29.75)
0.883
Prepregnancy BMI
Normal weight
ref
ref
Underweight
1.33 (1.18-2.57)
0.002
0.22 (0.02-2.24)
0.206
Overweight/obese
0.28 (0.15-0.53)
0.001
1.87 (0.53-6.55)
0.326
Gravidity
Primigravida
ref
ref
Multigravida
0.43 (0.15-1.26)
0.124
0.54 (0.027-10.99)
0.690
Parity
Nulliparous
ref
ref
Primiparous
2.33 (0.73-7.48)
0.153
0.09 (0.01-1.36)
0.082
Multiparous
3.62 (0.99-13.28)
0.052
2.52 (0.12-54.55)
0.556
Highest educational level
No formal education
ref
ref
Basic
1.12 (0.56-2.26)
0.742
0.37 (0.07-1.85)
0.226
Secondary/technical/tertiary
9.44 (0.92-30.01)
0.102
13.56 (1.55-120.04)
0.061
value statistically significant at 95% CI. Confounding variables adjusted: age of mother (years), prepregnancy BMI, gravidity, parity, and highest education level.
