Confrontation Naming and Reading Abilities at Primary School: A Longitudinal Study
Table 7
Variables associated with reading abilities improvement from grade II to grade V, in four multivariate general linear models with repeated measures (longitudinal analysis).
Type III sum of squares
Mean square
Dependent variable: short story fluency and accuracy from grade II to grade V
Nonverbal IQ
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.956
Low socioeconomic status
5.339
5.339
9.577
0.002
Male gender
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.947
BNT score at the end of grade I
0.667
0.667
1.196
0.276
Reading abilities at grade I
33.492
33.492
60.082
<0.001
Dependent variable: short story fluency, accuracy, and comprehension from grade II to grade V
Nonverbal IQ
4.847
4.847
3.423
0.067
Low socioeconomic status
5.102
5.102
3.602
0.060
Male gender
1.552
1.552
1.096
0.297
BNT score at the end at Grade I
12.669
12.669
8.946
0.003
Reading abilities at Grade I
89.601
89.601
63.267
<0.001
Dependent variable: word list fluency and accuracy from grade II to grade V
Nonverbal IQ
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.975
Low socioeconomic status
0.086
0.086
0.523
0.471
Male gender
0.020
0.020
0.121
0.728
BNT score at the end of grade I
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.961
Reading abilities at grade I
0.471
0.471
2.878
0.093
Dependent variable: pseudoword list fluency and accuracy from grade II to grade V
