Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Stroke Risk: An Analysis Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 2

Comparison of the baseline characteristics between stroke and nonstroke groups.

Variables	Nonstroke group ()	Stroke group ()	Statistic
Age, years,				<0.001
Gender, (%)				0.264
Male	4045 (48.74)	156 (44.01)
Female	4168 (51.26)	154 (55.99)
BMI, kg/m^2,				0.001
Race, (%)				0.007
Mexican Americans	1492 (8.44)	27 (3.78)
Other races	1172 (9.96)	27 (6.68)
Non-Hispanic whites	4108 (71.44)	186 (76.23)
Non-Hispanic blacks	1441 (10.16)	70 (13.31)
Marital status, (%)				<0.001
Married	4396 (57.59)	166 (53.30)
Widowed/divorced	1804 (17.48)	109 (32.20)
Unmarried	1353 (17.20)	24 (7.71)
Living with partner	660 (7.74)	11 (6.80)
Educational level, (%)				<0.001
<high school	2291 (18.13)	117 (29.97)
High school	1931 (23.40)	79 (29.04)
>high school	3991 (58.47)	114 (40.99)
Family income, (%)				<0.001
<20,000$	1989 (16.68)	111 (26.77)
≥20,000$	6224 (83.32)	199 (73.23)
Drinking, (%)	2228 (22.66)	109 (36.32)		<0.001
Emphysema, (%)	179 (1.75)	24 (7.22)		<0.001
Chronic bronchitis, (%)	431 (4.79)	43 (17.71)		<0.001
Hypertension, (%)	2773 (29.23)	249 (75.83)		<0.001
High cholesterol, (%)	3364 (38.86)	183 (55.70)		<0.001
Diabetes mellitus, (%)	939 (8.00)	106 (30.64)		<0.001
Dietary intake,
Dietary fiber				0.002
Total fat				0.005
Fruits				0.366
Vegetables				0.004
Vitamin A				0.381
Vitamin B				<0.001
Vitamin C				0.054
Vitamin E				0.003
TC, nmol/L,				0.179
GHb, nmol/L,				<0.001
HDL, nmol/L,				0.006
CRP, nmol/L,				0.001
25(OH)D, nmol/L, (%)				0.025
Deficiency (<30)	715 (6.11)	34 (11.01)
Insufficiency (30-50)	1957 (18.64)	69 (21.00)
Normal (50-125)	5385 (72.59)	200 (65.66)
Adequacy (≥125)	156 (2.66)	7 (2.34)

Notes: BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; GHb: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Values were presented as or median and quartile (M (Q1 and Q3)) for continuous variables and (%) for categorical variables. In the NHANES 2007–2018 study, exam weight was taken into account.