Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder

Table 2

Scores of AVLT-R, BVMT-R, DFT, DBT, and DSST in opium users and HCs.

	Patients ()	HCs ()	value	Cohen’s	One-way MANCOVA; Partial eta square	One-way MANCOVA; Standardized discriminant function coefficients
AVLT-R- ()			<0.0001^a	1.39	0.212	0.566
AVLT-R- to ()			0.003^a	0.89	0.041
AVLT-R-interfered recall (median [IQR])	10 [8-11.25]	12 [11.25-14]	<0.001^b	1.17	0.106
AVLT-R-delayed recall (median [IQR])	10 [7-11.25]	12 [10-12]	0.015^b	0.79	0.017
AVLT-R learning ()			0.021^a	0.71	0.147
AVLT-R forgetting (median [IQR])	2 [1-3]	1.5 [1-2]	0.056^b		0.011
AVLT-R percent forgetting (median [IQR])	0.166 [0.122-0.276]	0.116 [0.072-0.166]	0.027^b	0.55	0.010
BVMT-R total recall (median [IQR])	12.5 [10.5-14]	14 [11.25-14]	0.169^b		0.009
BVMT-R-delayed recall (median [IQR])	4 [3-5]	5 [4-5]	0.240^b		0.007
BVMT-R learning (median [IQR])	1 [1-2]	1 [1-2]	0.963^b		<0.001
DFT (median [IQR])	5 [5-6]	6 [5.25-6]	0.007^b	1.42	0.053	-0.250
DBT (median [IQR])	4 [3-4]	4.5 [4-5]	<0.0001^b	0.89	0.176	0.450
DSST (median [IQR])	39 [32-46]	48 [45-53]	<0.0001^b	1.37	0.180	0.444

^aStudent -test. ^bMann–Whitney test. AVLT-R: Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Revised; BVMT-R: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; DFT: Digit Forward Test; DBT: Digit Backward Test; DSST: Digit Symbol Substitution Test; MANCOVA: one-way multivariate analysis of covariance.