Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder

Table 5

Hierarchical multivariate regression with DFT, DBT, and DSST scores as the dependent variables in opium users.

	Variable	DSST				DBT				DFT
		Standardized β-coefficients (95% CI)		value	( change)	Standardized β-coefficients (95% CI)		value	( change)	Standardized β-coefficients (95% CI)		value	( change)
Block 1	Age	-0.708 (-0.873 to -0.387)	-5.30	<0.001	0.501 (0.501)	-0.634 (-0.60 to -0.022)	-4.33	<0.001	0.401 (0.401)	-0.506 (-0.049 to -0.10)	-3.10	0.004	0.256 (0.256)
Block 2	Age	-0.333 (-0.606 to 0.014)	-1.95	0.061	0.629 (0.128)	-0.301 (-0.046 to 0.007)	-1.52	0.138	0.502 (0.101)	-0.051 (-0.028 to 0.022)	-0.24	0.809	0.443 (0.187)
	Education	0.518 (1.204 to 6.149)	3.05	0.005		0.460 (0.029 to 0.445)	2.33	0.027		0.628 (0.093 to 0.492)	3.01	0.006
Block 3	Age	-0.248 (-0.491 to 0.049)	-1.68	0.105	0.738 (0.109)	-0.213 (-0.038 to 0.010)	-1.19	0.242	0.618 (0.116)	-0.005 (-0.025 to 0.025)	-0.024	0.981	0.475 (0.032)
	Education	0.195 (-1.181 to 3.943)	1.10	0.178		0.125 (-0.160 to 0.289)	0.59	0.560		0.452 (-0.028 to 0.449)	1.81	0.081
	Duration of use	-0.510 (-1.305 to -0.301)	-3.28	0.003		-0.527 (-0.104 to -0.016)	-2.81	0.009		-0.277 (-0.075 to 0.018)	-1.26	0.219
Block 4	Age	-0.266 (-0.517 to 0.043)	-1.74	0.094	0.742 (0.004)	-0.167 (-0.035 to 0.013)	-0.928	0.362	0.642 (0.024)	0.035 (-0.024 to 0.028)	0.16	0.870	0.493 (0.018)
	Education	0.200 (-1.185 to 4.022)	1.12	0.272		0.112 (-0.165 to 0.280)	0.53	0.599		0.440 (-0.034 to 0.445)	1.76	0.090
	Duration of use	-0.548 (-1.412 to -0.312)	-3.22	0.003		-0.430 (-0.096 to -0.002)	-2.15	0.041		-0.192 (-0.070 to 0.031)	-0.81	0.426
	Opium use quantity	0.081 (-0.136 to 0.244)	0.58	0.563		-0.211 (-0.026 to 0.006)	-1.29	0.206		-0.183 (-0.025 to 0.009)	-0.94	0.352

DFT: Digit Forward Test; DBT: Digit Backward Test; DSST: Digit Symbol Substitution Test; MANCOVA: one-way multivariate analysis of covariance.