Dark Chocolate Intake May Reduce Fatigue and Mediate Cognitive Function and Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults

Table 1

Demographics of subjects at baseline.

(a)

	Intervention		Control
		%		%
Gender
Male	20	45.5	24	54.5	0.73	0.39
Female	24	54.5	20	45.5
Sleep duration
Less than 6 hours	15	34.1	20	45.5	3.97	0.14
6 hours or more and less than 7 hours	21	47.7	12	27.3
7 hours or more	8	18.2	12	27.3
Frequency of drinking alcohol
Do not drink/quit	10	22.7	11	25.0	0.66	0.88
Almost no drinks/1-3 days a month	11	25.0	12	27.3
1 to 4 days a week	13	29.5	14	31.8
5 to 7 days a week	10	22.7	7	15.9
Smoking
Do not smoke	31	70.5	31	70.5	0.00	1.00
Smoke/previously smoked	13	29.5	13	29.5

(b)

	Intervention		Control
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Demographic variable
Age	52.05	7.08	51.89	6.20	0.11	0.91
BMI	21.62	3.71	22.61	3.22	-1.33	0.19
Years of education	15.00	2.12	14.89	2.17	0.25	0.80
Psychological condition
CFS	14.57	7.94	13.61	7.30	0.59	0.56
Physical functioning	55.26	2.00	55.01	2.55	0.51	0.61
Role-physical	50.41	6.50	52.31	7.32	-1.28	0.20
Bodily pain	52.70	8.27	51.15	9.59	0.81	0.42
General health	55.18	7.13	54.30	8.45	0.53	0.60
Vitality	52.54	8.58	50.60	9.36	1.02	0.31
Social functioning	55.01	5.08	55.14	5.07	-0.12	0.90
Role-emotional	51.56	6.68	51.82	7.56	-0.17	0.87
Mental health	56.54	6.75	53.21	10.02	1.83	0.07
Cognitive function
TMT	32.25	13.90	34.68	20.74	-0.65	0.52
Stroop	4.34	3.73	4.91	4.54	-0.64	0.52
MPI	71.14	9.79	72.21	7.88	-0.57	0.57
MRI-derived measures
GM-BHQ	99.25	5.06	98.15	5.62	0.96	0.34
FA-BHQ	98.61	3.23	99.08	3.00	-0.71	0.48