Graph Theoretical Analysis of Semantic Fluency in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Figure 2

(a) Means and standard errors of correct words, repetitions, incorrect words, metalinguistic reference, and metacognitive reference in healthy controls (HC), patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). (b) Means and standard errors of graph density, diameter, and average shortest path in each group. The asterisks () indicate significant differences between PD patients and two control groups in standard and graph parameters. (c) In patients with PD, the density of speech graphs was correlated with the severity of non-motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS I score) but not the severity of motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS III score). Values were demeaned.

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