Energy Requirement of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Multiple Centers

Table 2

Demographic, anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical characteristics of hemodialysis patients (n = 154)¹.

Item	HD patients
Demographics
Gender (male (%))	91 (59%)
Age (years)	58.9 ± 9.9
Time on hemodialysis (years)	3.8 (0.2∼32.3)
Kt/V	1.7 ± 0.4
Charlson comorbidity index	1.7 ± 1.4
Diabetes mellitus (n (%))	57 (37%)
Cardiovascular disease (n (%))	50 (32%)
Anthropometry
Weight (kg)^2	62.6 ± 13.1
Body mass index (kg/m^2)^2	23.6 ± 3.9
Body fat (%)	27.9 ± 9.9
ASM/ht^2	5.9 ± 0.8
Sarcopenia	42 (27%)
Biochemical items
Albumin (g/dL)	4.1 ± 0.2
Albumin < 4 g/dL (n (%))	42 (27%)
Hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.6 ± 1.2
Hs-CRP < 0.3 mg/dL (n (%))	68 (44%)
Glucose (mg/dL)	122.1 ± 51.0
Glucose < 100 mg/dL (n (%))	82 (53%)
Insulin (IU/L)	25.9 ± 35.2
Insulin <25 mIU/L (n (%))	57 (37%)
iPTH (pg/mL)	387.5 ± 374.4
iPTH > 800 pg/mL (n (%))	19 (12%)
GNRI	101.4 ± 5.5
GNRI <92 (n (%))	11 (7%)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	11.3 ± 2.0
Insulin resistance
HOMA-IR (units?)	8.6 ± 12.1
Measured energy requirement^3
REE (kcal)	1047.7 ± 261.2
TEE (kcal)	1761.7 ± 451.0
TEE/kg (kcal)	28.6 ± 6.4

¹ Values presented as a mean ± standard deviation, percentage, or median (range).² Dry body weight. .³ Measured with indirect calorimetry. ⁴ASM/ht²: men<7, women<5.5. Significant difference between HD participants with and HD participants without REE measured according to an independent t-test (). ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass, HD: hemodialysis, hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ht: height, iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone, GNRI: geriatric nutritional risk index, REE: resting energy expenditure, TEE: total energy expenditure, and HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance.