Research Article
Clinical Identification of Hypovitaminosis D among Elderly Attending Primary Care Centre in Saudi Arabia
Table 2
Factors associated with vitamin D levels among elderly people, Jeddah.
| | | Vitamin D level | value | Severe deficiency
N = 24
N (%) | Deficiency
N = 180
N (%) | Insufficiency
N = 100
N (%) | Normal
N = 31
N (%) |
| | Gender | | Male (n = 111) | 7 (29.2) | 65 (36.1) | 34 (34) | 5 (16.1) | | | Female (n = 224) | 17 (70.8) | 115 (63.9) | 66 (66) | 26 (33.9) | 0.174 |
| | Age | | Mean ± SD | 68.2 ± 6.5 | 68.2 ± 7.3 | 68.1 ± 7.0 | 68.0 ± 9.1 | 0.997 |
| | Believe of having diseases | | No (n = 149) | 8 (33.3) | 79 (43.9) | 50 (50) | 12 (38.7) | | | Yes (n = 186) | 16 (66.7) | 101 (56.1) | 50 (50) | 19 (61.3) | 0.410 |
| | Number of drugs taken daily | | <6 (n = 137) | 12 (50.0) | 86 (47.8) | 31 (31) | 8 (5.8) | | | ≥6 (n = 198) | 12 (50.0) | 94 (52.2) | 69 (69) | 23 (11.6) | 0.010 |
| | BMI | | Underweight (n = 2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1) | 0 (0.0) | | | Normal (n = 35) | 3 (12.5) | 17 (9.4) | 14 (14) | 1 (3.2) | | | Overweight (n = 117) | 6 (25.0) | 66 (36.7) | 35 (35) | 10 (32.3) | | | Obesity (n = 181) | 15 (62.5) | 96 (53.3) | 50 (50) | 20 (64.5) | 0.760 |
| | History of living alone | | No (n = 257) | 18 (75.0) | 143 (79.4) | 76 (76) | 20 (64.5) | | | Yes (n = 78) | 6 (25.0) | 37 (20.6) | 24 (24) | 11 (35.5) | 0.334 |
| | Feeling malnourished | | No (n = 310) | 24 (100.0) | 166 (92.2) | 89 (89) | 31 (100.0) | | | Yes (n = 25) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (7.8) | 11 (11) | 0 (0.0) | 0.099 |
| | Wearing glasses | | No (n = 229) | 18 (75.0) | 120 (66.7) | 71 (71) | 20 (64.5) | | | Yes (n = 106) | 6 (25.0) | 60 (33.3) | 29 (29) | 11 (35.5) | 0.738 |
| | Regular intake of psychoactive drugs | | No (n = 319) | 23 (95.8) | 170 (94.4) | 98 (98) | 28 (90.3) | | | Yes (n = 16) | 1 (4.2) | 10 (5.6) | 2 (2) | 3 (9.7) | 0.309 |
| | Feeling sad | | No (n = 275) | 20 (83.3) | 151 (83.9) | 79 (79) | 25 (80.6) | | | Yes (n = 60) | 4 (16.7) | 29 (16.1) | 21 (21) | 6 (19.4) | 0.773 |
| | Having memory lapses | | No (n = 172) | 14 (58.3) | 93 (51.7) | 50 (50) | 15 (48.4) | | | Yes (n = 163) | 10 (41.7) | 87 (48.3) | 50 (50) | 16 (51.6) | 0.883 |
| | History of previous fall | | No (n = 239) | 20 (83.3) | 123 (68.3) | 72 (72.0) | 24 (77.4) | | | Yes (n = 96) | 4 (16.7) | 57 (31.7) | 28 (28.0) | 7 (22.6) | 0.382 |
| | Using walking aid | | No (n = 223) | 16 (66.7) | 126 (70.0) | 63 (63.0) | 18 (58.1) | | | Yes (n = 112) | 8 (33.3) | 54 (30.0) | 37 (37.0) | 13 (41.9) | 0.470 |
| | Afraid of fall | | No (n = 195) | 16 (66.7) | 107 (59.4) | 59 (59.0) | 13 (41.9) | | | Yes (n = 140) | 8 (33.3) | 73 (40.6) | 41 (41.0) | 18 (58.1) | 0.239 |
| | History of vertebral fractures | | No (n = 290) | 23 (95.8) | 154 (85.6) | 87 (87.0) | 26 (83.9) | | | Yes (n = 45) | 1 (4.2) | 26 (14.4) | 13 (13.0) | 5 (16.1) | 0.544 |
| | Taking osteoporotic medications | | No (n = 299) | 22 (91.7) | 163 (90.6) | 87 (87.0) | 27 (87.1) | | | Yes (n = 36) | 2 (8.3) | 17 (9.4) | 13 (13.0) | 4 (12.9) | 0.767 |
| | Taking vitamin D supplements | | No (n = 194) | 20 (83.3) | 119 (66.1) | 43 (43.0) | 12 (38.7) | | | Yes (n = 141) | 4 (16.7) | 61 (33.9) | 57 (57.0) | 19 (61.3) | <0.001 |
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chi-square test, ANOVA test. |
