Diets Rich in Olive Oil, Palm Oil, or Lard Alter Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Membrane Composition in Rat Liver

Table 4

Effect of diets on liver mitochondrial phospholipid (PL) fatty acid (FA).

	Control	Crude PO	Refined PO	OO	Lard
Total SFA	39.1 ± 0.43a	41.1 ± 0.58a	39.9 ± 0.64a	30.9 ± 1.33b	38.8 ± 0.74a	<0.01
C16 : 0	25.4 ± 0.76a	27.4 ± 0.65b	27.3 ± 0.28b	20.4 ± 0.81c	22.6 ± 0.47c	<0.01
C18 : 0	12.5 ± 0.75ac	12.8 ± 0.87ac	11.6 ± 0.78ab	9.70 ± 1.34b	15.3 ± 1.00c	<0.01
Total MUFA	20.5 ± 1.22a	28.4 ± 1.73bd	30.8 ± 1.17b	37.9 ± 2.72c	24.7 ± 1.79ad	<0.01
C16: 1n-7	3.40 ± 0.35a	0.98 ± 0.17b	1.11 ± 0.18b	1.11 ± 0.13b	0.89 ± 0.07b	<0.01
C18: 1n-9	13.4 ± 0.92a	25.0 ± 1.69bd	27.1 ± 1.19b	33.3 ± 2.64c	20.8 ± 1.78d	<0.01
C18: 1n-7	3.10 ± 0.10a	1.62 ± 0.04b	1.60 ± 0.09b	2.64 ± 0.05c	2.50 ± 0.10c	<0.01
Total PUFA	40.4 ± 1.29a	30.5 ± 1.54b	29.3 ± 0.66b	31.2 ± 1.73b	36.5 ± 1.14a	<0.01
C18: 2n-6	18.4 ± 0.59a	11.1 ± 0.80b	10.8 ± 0.63b	13.5 ± 0.80c	14.4 ± 0.53c	<0.01
C18: 3n-6	0.42 ± 0.048a	0.21 ± 0.012b	0.21 ± 0.011b	0.24 ± 0.027b	0.21 ± 0.021b	<0.01
C18: 3n-3	0.78 ± 0.058a	0.14 ± 0.020b	0.14 ± 0.017b	0.24 ± 0.031b	0.38 ± 0.035c	<0.01
C20: 3n-6	0.29 ± 0.030	0.26 ± 0.051	0.32 ± 0.033	0.32 ± 0.042	0.33 ± 0.049	NS
C20: 4n-6	15.1 ± 1.07	14.3 ± 1.27	13.3 ± 0.68	12.7 ± 1.67	15.7 ± 1.20	NS
C20: 5n-3 = EPA	0.23 ± 0.034a	0.04 ± 0.006bc	0.03 ± 0.006b	0.05 ± 0.002bc	0.09 ± 0.006c	<0.01
C22: 5n-3	0.36 ± 0.023a	0.22 ± 0.021b	0.23 ± 0.014b	0.22 ± 0.014b	0.41 ± 0.047a	<0.01
C22: 6n-3 = DHA	4.19 ± 0.31a	2.74 ± 0.18b	2.64 ± 0.22b	3.02 ± 0.42b	3.15 ± 0.28b	<0.01
Total n-6	34.6 ± 1.03a	27.3 ± 1.41b	26.2 ± 0.57b	27.6 ± 1.35b	31.4 ± 0.90c	<0.01
Total n-3	5.72 ± 0.29a	3.19 ± 0.18b	3.09 ± 0.21b	3.57 ± 0.41b	5.13 ± 0.29a	<0.01
n-6/n-3	6.12 ± 0.20a	8.61 ± 0.36b	8.66 ± 0.53b	8.20 ± 0.68b	6.18 ± 0.22a	<0.01
SFA/MUFA	1.95 ± 0.12a	1.50 ± 0.12b	1.31 ± 0.08b	0.87 ± 0.11c	1.64 ± 0.16ab	<0.01
PUFA/SFA	1.04 ± 0.04a	0.74 ± 0.04b	0.73 ± 0.01b	1.01 ± 0.04a	0.94 ± 0.02a	<0.01
n-3/PUFA	0.141 ± 0.004a	0.105 ± 0.004b	0.106 ± 0.006b	0.113 ± 0.007b	0.140 ± 0.005a	<0.01
PL UI	152 ± 4.56a	133 ± 4.68bc	131 ± 2.19bc	141 ± 5.92ac	149 ± 3.88a	<0.01
Δ9-desaturase	0.132 ± 0.010a	0.035 ± 0.005b	0.041 ± 0.007b	0.054 ± 0.005b	0.040 ± 0.003b	<0.001
Δ6-desaturase	0.023 ± 0.002a	0.019 ± 0.002ab	0.020 ± 0.002a	0.018 ± 0.002ab	0.014 ± 0.001b	0.045
Δ5-desaturase	51.9 ± 2.35	52.8 ± 4.61	43.8 ± 4.29	41.4 ± 4.93	50.8 ± 4.53	NS

Values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 7-8). On the same line, values with different letters are significantly different. Major fatty acids are represented, and the results are expressed as percentage of fatty acid of total phospholipids. DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; OO, olive oil; PL, phospholipids; PO, palm oil; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; UI, unsaturation index. Δ9-desaturase = 16 : 1n-7/16 : 0; Δ6-desaturase = 18 : 3n-6/18 : 2n-6; Δ5-desaturase = 20: 4n-6/20:3n-6. SFA/MUFA: SFA = % C16 : 0 + % C18 : 0 and MUFA = % C16 : 1 + % C18 : 1. PUFA/SFA: SFA = % C16 : 0 + % C18 : 0 and PUFA = % all PUFA. n-3/PUFA: total (n-3)/all PUFA.