Epidural Analgesia for Severe Chest Trauma: An Analysis of Current Practice on the Efficacy and Safety

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients with epidural analgesia for multiple traumatic rib fractures.

Variable	Total
Age (mean ± SD)	58 ± 14
Sex (, %)
Male	61 (80)
Female	15 (20)
Trauma mechanism (, %)
Motor-vehicle	21 (28)
Bicycle	17 (22)
Fall	19 (25)
Assault	1 (1)
Others	18 (24)
ISS (median, IQR)	14 (10–17)
AIS (median, IQR)
Head	0 (0-0)
Face	0 (0-0)
Chest	3 (3-3)
Abdomen	0 (0-0)
Extremity	0 (0–2)
External	1 (0-1)
GCS (median, IQR)	15 (15-15)
Concomitant injuries (, %)
Lung contusion	25 (33)
Pneumothorax	30 (39)
Hematothorax	8 (11)

AIS: Abbreviated Injury Scale; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS: Injury Severity Score; IQR: interquartile range; : number; SD: standard deviation.