An Analysis of Pay-for-Performance Schemes and Their Potential Impacts on Health Systems and Outcomes for Patients

Table 1

Key distinguishing characteristics of common P4P structures.

Structures	Incentive	Benchmark	Quality measures
Based on comparison with others	Reward-based	Absolute performance	Outcome-based
Based on standards of care	Penalty-based	N/A	Process-based
Based on past evidence	N/A	Relative performance	Structure-based