The Effect of Fluid Overload on Attributable Morbidity after Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

	Q1; n = 186	Q2; n = 188	Q3; n = 187	Q4; n = 187	value
Fluid balance ranges (L)	−2.6–1.5	1.5–2.4	2.4–3.5	3.5–11.0
Demographics
Age (years)	68.0 [61–76]	67.5 [61–75]	68.0 [62–75]	70.0 [63–76]	0.315
Male (%)	78.5	72.3	72.2	62.0	0.005^a,b,c
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.8 [24.5–29.7]	26.6 [24.4–29.9]	26.8 [24.6–30.5]	26.9 [24.8–29.3]	0.870
Diabetes mellitus (%)	20.4	24.5	25.7	23.0	0.662
Hypertension (%)	39.8	51.1	49.2	52.9	0.054
Peripheral vessel disease (%)	13.4	15.4	14.4	12.8	0.896
TIA/CVA (%)	9.1	13.8	12.8	11.8	0.537
Neurological dysfunction (%)	3.2	7.4	3.7	1.1	0.014^b
COPD (%)	12.4	16.5	19.3	11.8	0.137
Preoperative sCR (μmol/L)	84.0 [74–98]	82.0 [71–99]	81.0 [70–98]	88.0 [74–103]	0.214
Cardiac status (%)
NYHA class III or IV	64.7	52.7	54.5	54.0	0.096
Recent myocardial infarction	24.2	18.1	18.2	16.6	0.253
Previous cardiac surgery	24.2	22.9	21.9	20.3	0.836
Preoperative LVEF (%)
Good	74.2	69.1	78.1	75.4	0.160
Moderate	19.9	19.1	17.1	18.2
Poor	5.9	11.7	4.8	6.4
Risk scores
Additive EuroSCORE	5 [3–7]	5 [3–8]	4 [3–7]	6 [4–8]	0.007^a,b,c
APACHE III	49 [40–57]	45 [36–57]	46 [38–57]	49 [42–62]	0.016^b,c

Data are expressed as median [interquartile range] or as percentage. BMI, body mass index; TIA, transient ischemic accident; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; sCR; serum creatinine; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LOS, length of stay; EuroSCORE, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation. Groups are significantly different when . ^a: significant difference between Q1 and Q4; ^b: significant difference between Q2 and Q4; ^c: significant difference between Q3 and Q4.