Knowledge, Attitude, and Associated Factors towards Nonpharmacological Pain Management among Nurses Working at Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia

Table 6

Factors associated with nurses’ attitude towards nonpharmacological pain management among nurses working at Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia, in 2021 (N = 775).

Variables	Category	Attitude		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	value
		Favorable	Unfavorable
Age (years)	<31	200	255	1	1
	>31	186	134	1.77 (1.32, 2.36)	1.24 (0.84, 1.84)	0.266
Monthly income (ETB)	<5358	111	231	1	1
	5358–6193	55	55	2.08 (1.34, 3.22)	1.26 (0.68, 2.33)	0.455
	6193–7071	93	58	3.33 (2.24, 4.97)	3.19 (1.65, 6.16)	0.001
	7071–8017	82	31	5.50 (3.43, 8.81)	5.36 (2.78, 10.33)	<0.001
	>8017 ETB	45	14	6.68 (3.52,12.70)	4.38 (1.64, 11.69)	0.003
Educational qualification	Diploma	75	150	1	1
	BSc	243	219	2.21 (1.59, 3.09)	0.82 (0.52, 1.29)	0.395
	MSc	68	20	6.80 (3.84,12.02)	0.83 (0.33, 2.04)	0.687
Years of experience	<1 year	42	98	1	1
	1–3 years	55	89	1.44 (0.88, 2.36)	0.99 (0.55, 1.77)	0.989
	3–5 years	77	56	3.20 (1.94, 5.28)	1.84 (0.96, 3.52)	0.062
	>5 years	212	146	3.38 (2.23, 5.14)	0.72 (0.38, 1.36)	0.321
Education on NPPM	Yes	222	193	1.37 (1.03, 1.82)	1.25 (0.88, 1.76)	0.204
	No	164	196	1	1
Need to have NPPM education	Yes	298	280	1.31 (0.95, 1.82)	1.38 (0.92,2.07)	0.119
	No	88	109	1	1
Working unit	Pediatrics	67	79	1	1
	Oncology	8	6	1.57 (0.88, 9.83)	2.22 (0.52, 9.37)	0.275
	OPD	74	77	1.13 (0.71, 1.78)	1.35 (0.78, 2.34)	0.280
	Emergency	42	48	1.03 (0.60, 1.74)	0.67 (0.35, 1.29)	0.241
	OR	34	42	0.95 (0.54, 1.66)	0.72 (0.37, 1.40)	0.334
	Orthopedic	23	15	1.80 (0.87, 3.74)	1.89 (0.78, 4.59)	0.158
	Recovery	19	13	1.72 (0.79, 3.59)	0.80 (0.32, 2.01)	0.649
	ICU	36	22	1.92 (1.03, 1.64)	0.97 (0.46, 2.05)	0.954
	Medical	54	63	1.01 (0.62, 2.29)	1.01 (0.55, 1.84)	0.970
	Surgical	27	26	1.22 (0.65, 2.29)	0.87 (0.41, 1.86)	0.736
Nurse-to-patient ratio	1 : 4	165	71	2.90 (2.02, 4.15)	1.89 (1.19, 3.01)	0.007
	1 : 6	45	54	1.04 (0.65, 1.64)	0.96 (0.56, 1.65)	0.893
	1 : 8	43	98	0.54 (0.35,0.83)	0.56 (0.34, 0.94)	0.029
	Undetermined	133	166	1	1
Work load	Yes	239	307	0.43 (0.31, 0.59)	0.70 (0.47, 1.06)	0.097
	No	147	82	1	1
Lack of evidence	Yes	179	221	0.65 (0.49, 0.87)	0.99 (0.69, 1.42)	0.979
	No	207	168	1	1
Working hours	8 hours	227	204	1.52 (1.02, 2.27)	0.88 (0.53, 1.44)	0.617
	8–12 hours	105	111	1.29 (0.83, 2.01)	0.86 (0.50, 1.47)	0.591
	>12 hours	54	74	1	1
Knowledge	Adequate	291	129	6.17 (4.51, 8.44)	4.26 (2.91, 6.24)	<0.001
	Inadequate	95	260	1	1

Note. Statistical significance: value <0.05.