Continuous Infusion of Ketamine in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with SARS-CoV-2
Table 1
Baseline characteristics.
Characteristic
Ketamine N = 31
Propofol N = 53
value
Male sex: n (%)
23 (74.2)
34 (64.2)
0.34
Age (years): mean ± SD
61.16 ± 11.4
60.5 ± 14.4
0.84
BMI (kg/m2): mean ± SD
31.51 ± 6.9
32.34 ± 7.5
0.62
Comorbidities: n (%)
Hypertension
17 (54.8)
32 (60.4)
0.62
Diabetes
15 (48.4)
28 (52.8)
0.69
Obesity
21 (67.7)
32 (61.5)
0.57
Atrial fibrillation
1 (3.2)
1 (1.9)
0.70
Coronary artery disease
4 (12.9)
5 (9.4)
0.62
Pulmonary disease
2 (6.5)
5 (9.4)
0.63
Psychiatric disease
0 (0)
1 (1.9)
0.44
Concurrent therapy–n (%)
Dexmedetomidine
19 (61.3)
15 (28.3)
0.003
Systemic corticosteroid
30 (96.8)
49 (92.5)
0.42
Vasopressor
21 (67.7)
24 (45.3)
0.046
APACHE II score: mean ± SD
24.58 ± 6.7
21.60 ± 4.6
0.017
Baseline MAP (mmHg): mean ± SD
89.90 ± 15.3
84.50 ± 15.1
0.12
Baseline CRP (mg/dL): median (IQR)ǂ
14.7 (6.49–22)
13 (7.9–19.3)
0.71
Baseline ferritin (mcg/L): median (IQR)ǂ
1127.8 (730–1517)
997 (534–1783)
0.89
Sedative dose (mg/min for ketamine and mcg/kg/min for propofol) (mean ± SD)ǂǂ
N/A
Baseline
0.77 ± 1.1
14.17 ± 12.5
24 h
2.10 ± 1.2
31.70 ± 15.1
48 h
2.37 ± 1.3
32.26 ± 12.4
72 h
2.37 ± 1.2
34.72 ± 14.2
Desired RASS goal at the baseline: n (%)
0.14
−5
18 (58.1)
15 (28.3)
−4
7 (22.6)
20 (37.7)
−3
1 (3.2)
5 (9.4)
−2
4 (12.9)
11 (20.8)
−1
1 (3.2)
1 (1.9)
0
0 (0.0)
1 (1.9)
Baseline vasopressor dose in NE (mcg/min): median (IQR)ǂ
1 (0–9)
0 (0–3)
0.12
Duration of sedative (hour): mean ± SD
154.41 ± 96.4
179.71 ± 100.7
0.26
Baseline opioid infusion rate in ME (mg/hr): median (IQR)ǂ
0 (0–25)
2.5 (2.5–10)
0.451
SD: standard deviation, BMI: body mass index, APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, MAP: mean arterial pressure, CRP: C-reactive protein, IQR: interquartile range, RASS: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, NE: norepinephrine equivalent, ME: morphine equivalent. Chi-squared test. Two-sided Student’s t-test for parametric data. ǂWilcoxon rank-sum test for nonparametric data. ǂǂNoncomparable data given different dosing regimens of propofol and ketamine.
