Bredemolic Acid Improves Cardiovascular Function and Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Prediabetes: Effects on Selected Markers

Table 2

The effects of BA on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in non-prediabetic and prediabetic rats with or without diet intervention.

Parameters	Groups
	NPD	PD	ND + MET	HFHC + MET	ND + BA	HFHC + BA
MDA (nmol/g protein)	4.35 ± 0.16	5.78 ± 0.43^∗∗	4.62 ± 0.09^#	5.11 ± 0.24	4.14 ± 0.20^###	4.53 ± 0.12^#
SOD (ng/mL)	7.00 ± 0.90	1.78 ± 0.23^∗∗	6.74 ± 0.66^##	6.11 ± 0.88^#	11.43 ± 1.14^∗###	10.56 ± 0.90^∗###
GPx (pg/mL)	847.52 ± 53.56	245.43 ± 12.29^∗∗∗	989.72 ± 129.55^###	517.99 ± 78.53^∗	1001.20 ± 62.37^###	669.51 ± 40.59^##
hs-CRP (ng/mL)	1.35 ± 0.06	2.22 ± 0.01^∗∗∗	1.53 ± 0.16^###	1.74 ± 0.15	1.71 ± 0.07^#	1.73 ± 0.07^#
TNF-α (pg/mL)	948.42 ± 30.79	1296.97 ± 7.98^∗∗∗	1005.49 ± 19.17^##	1108 ± 96.11	945.63 ± 13.49^###	1011.33 ± 17.83^##
IL-6 (pg/mL)	22.20 ± 2.71	37.13 ± 1.14^∗∗∗	30.02 ± 1.30	33.95 ± 2.10^∗∗	23.46 ± 2.50^##	24.06 ± 1.71^##

Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). , , (vs. NPD). , , (vs. PD).