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| Origin | Names | Pharmacological action | Chemical structure | Potassium channel | Calcium channels | Sodium channel | Connexin | HCN |
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| Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen | Panax notoginseng saponins | Antiarrhythmia [42], antiplatelet [37], antishock [39], antioxidation [225], sedative [40], and antitumor [41] | | Small conductance calcium activates potassium channel, potassium calcium-activated channel [43] | L-type and T-type Ca2+ channel [44] [50] | | | |
| Coptis chinensis Franch., Phellodendron chinense Schneid, Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr | Berberine | Antiarrhythmia [54], anti-inflammatory [55], antibacterial [56], hypoglycemia [57], vasodilation [58], antitumor effects [59]. | | Delayed rectifier outward potassium channel, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, inward rectifier potassium channel ([64, 65]) | L-type and T-type calcium channel, ryanodine receptor, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase ([66]; [67]) [68] | | | hHCN4 [70] |
| Stephania tetrandra S. Moore. | Tetrandrine | Antiarrhythmia [73], antihypertensive [74], anti-inflammatory [75], and antitumor [74] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel, calcium-activated potassium channel [18] | L-type and T-type calcium channels, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase [80] [82] | Voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel [22] [84] | | |
| Sophora alopecuroides L., Sophora flavescens Alt. | Matrine | Antiarrhythmia [85], antibacterial [226], antipulmonary [86], and hepatic fibrosis [87], and antitumor [88] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel, M3 receptor-mediated K+ channel [96] [94], potassium inward rectifier channel [98] [99] | L-type calcium channels [100] [101] | Voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel ([103]; [102]) | | |
| Menispermum dauricum DC. | Dauricine | Antiarrhythmia [104], anti-inflammatory [105], antitumor [106], anticoagulation [107] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel, inward rectifier potassium channel [94] [95] [96] | L-type calcium channels [101] [100] | | Cx40 ([27]; [28]) [29] [30] [31] [115] | |
| Aconitum coreanum (Levl.) Rapaics | Guanfu base A | Antiarrhythmia [116], anti-inflammatory [117], and antioxidation [118] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel [121] [122] [124] | L-type calcium [125] [126] | Voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel [117] [127] | Cx40 [132] | |
| Lotus of Nymphaeaceae | Neferine | Antiarrhythmia, antihypertensive [133], antitumor [134], antiapoptotic and antioxidative [135], anti-ischemic [136], antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory effects[137] | | HERG potassium channel ([116]; [140]) | L-type calcium channel (Zuo et al., 2021) [141] | Voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel [38] [142] [110] | | |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. | Tanshinone IIA | Antiarrhythmic [143], anticoagulation, anti-ischemia [144], antitumor [145], and anti-inflammation [146] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel ([129]; [149]), inward rectifier potassium channel [227] [148] | type calcium channel [41] | Voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel [152] | | |
| Vitis vinifera L., Punica granatum L., Vaccinium spp., Vaccinium macrocarpon | Resveratrol | Antiarrhythmia [155], antioxidation [156], antitumor [157], antimyocardial ischemia [158], and antiplatelet [159] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel [161], ATP-sensitive potassium channels, transient outward potassium channel, calcium-activated potassium channel, and inward rectifying potassium channel [163] | L-type calcium ([164]; [165]) [155] | Late sodium channel and reverse type sodium-calcium exchangers [166] | Cx43 [169] [170] | Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel [172] [173] |
| Pueraria lobata (Willd) Ohwi, Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. | Puerarin | Antiarrhythmia (Wei et al., 2015 [175]), anti-ischemic [176], antihypertensive [177], lowering blood lipid [178], lowering blood sugar [179], expanding coronary arteries [228], and anti-inflammatory [181] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel, inward rectifier potassium channel [185] [186], calcium-activated potassium channel [187] | L-type calcium [188] | Voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel [191] | | |
| Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip. | Acacetin | Antiarrhythmic [193], antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, antioxidation [198] | | Ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium channel and the transient outward potassium channel [193], hERG, small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels [204], transient outward potassium channel [200] | | | | |
| Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., or Glycyrrhiza glabra L. | Glycyrrhizic acid | Antiarrhythmia [205], antioxidant, anti-inflammatory [206], antiviral [229], antitumor (Zuo et al., 2021) | | | L-type calcium channel [205] | Voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel [210] [211] | | |
| Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Hort. Beng. | Artemisinin | Antimalarial [212], antitumor [213], anti-inflammatory [214], antiviral [215], antibacterial [216], and antifibrotic [217] | | Delayed rectifier potassium channel, inward rectifier potassium channel, transient outward channel [218] [219] | L-type calcium channel [220] | | Cx43[221] [222] | Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel [223] |
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