Safety and Efficacy of Bivalirudin versus Unfractionated Heparin Monotherapy in Patients with CAD and DM Undergoing PCI: A Retrospective Observational Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics.
Variable
Before PSM
After PSM
Bivalirudin ()
Heparin ()
value
Bivalirudin ()
Heparin ()
value
Age (year)
<0.001
0.524
Female
309 (35.6)
899 (29.8)
0.001
309(35.6)
310 (35.7)
0.960
Smoker
279 (32.1)
1145 (37.9)
0.002
279 (32.1)
306 (35.2)
0.171
Drinker
130 (15.0)
505 (16.7)
0.217
130 (15.0)
137 (15.8)
0.641
Hypertension
620 (71.3)
2124 (70.3)
0.554
620 (71.3)
651 (74.9)
0.093
Previous MI
180 (20.7)
656 (21.7)
0.527
180 (20.7)
175 (20.1)
0.766
Previous PCI
255 (29.3)
979 (32.4)
0.087
255 (29.3)
259 (29.8)
0.833
Previous CABG
14 (1.6)
51 (1.7)
0.876
14 (1.6)
18 (2.1)
0.475
Peripheral arterial disease
19 (2.2)
42 (1.4)
0.096
19 (2.2)
15 (1.7)
0.488
Clinical presentation
SCAD
1 (0.1)
2 (0.1)
0.532
1 (0.1)
2 (0.2)
0.560
UA
511 (58.8)
1947 (64.4)
0.002
511 (58.8)
500 (57.5)
0.593
AMI
355(40.9)
1051(34.8)
0.001
355(40.9)
361(41.5)
0.770
NSTEMI
157 (18.1)
476 (15.8)
0.104
157 (18.1)
150 (17.3)
0.660
STEMI
198 (22.8)
575 (19.0)
0.015
198 (22.8)
211 (24.3)
0.462
eGFR (L·min-1·1.73 m-1)
<0.001
0.186
Hb (g/L,)
<0.001
0.764
Platelet count (109/L)
0.028
0.637
LVEF (%)
0.435
0.851
CRUSADE score
<0.001
0.286
Antiplatelet therapy before PCI
Aspirin
858 (98.7)
2992 (99.0)
0.431
858 (98.7)
859 (98.8)
0.826
Clopidogrel
789 (90.8)
2631 (87.1)
0.003
789 (90.8)
782 (90.0)
0.569
Ticagrelor
226 (26.0)
839 (27.8)
0.304
226 (26.0)
200 (23.0)
0.147
Medications at discharge
Aspirin
842 (96.9)
2951 (97.7)
0.188
842 (96.9)
850 (97.8)
0.232
Clopidogrel
622 (71.6)
2084 (69.0)
0.143
622 (71.6)
635 (73.1)
0.486
Ticagrelor
237 (27.3)
887 (29.4)
0.231
237 (27.3)
220 (25.3)
0.354
Statin
812 (93.4)
2788 (92.3)
0.254
812 (93.4)
813 (93.6)
0.922
ACEI
435 (50.1)
1533 (50.7)
0.721
435 (50.1)
436 (50.2)
0.962
ARB
182 (20.9)
569 (18.8)
0.165
182 (20.9)
172 (19.8)
0.551
β-Blocker
657 (75.6)
2242 (74.2)
0.407
657 (75.6)
646 (74.3)
0.542
CCB
235 (27.0)
695 (23.0)
0.014
235 (27.0)
227 (26.1)
0.664
Radial access
799 (91.9)
2859 (94.6)
0.003
799 (91.9)
818 (94.1)
0.073
Target vessel
LM
42 (4.8)
157 (5.2)
0.668
42 (4.8)
38 (4.4)
0.647
LAD
341 (39.2)
1205 (39.9)
0.731
341 (39.2)
341 (50.0)
1.000
LCX
188 (21.6)
652 (21.6)
0.974
188 (21.6)
166 (19.1)
0.190
RCA
270 (31.1)
944 (31.2)
0.921
270 (31.1)
280 (32.2)
0.606
CTO (%)
22 (2.5)
78 (2.6)
0.934
22 (2.5)
24 (2.8)
0.765
Syntax score
0.826
0.716
Length of stents
0.573
0.856
Diameter of stents
0.574
0.302
Number of stents
0.476
0.717
Use of GPIs
457 (15.1)
116 (13.3)
0.192
118 (13.6)
116 (13.3)
0.888
PSM: propensity score matching; MI: myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; SCAD: stable coronary artery disease; UA: unstable angina; NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb: hemoglobin; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor antagonist. CCB: calcium channel blocker. LM: left main; LAD: left anterior descending; LCX: left circumflex; RCA: right coronary artery; CTO: chronic total occlusion; GPIs: glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Data are presented as count (%) or .
