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| Study | Modality | Intensity | Time/repetitions | Frequency (× per wk) | Length (wk) | Supervision |
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| 1 | Scheer et al., 2021 [15] | Aquatic aerobic and strength exercises
Xiphoid process
34.5°C TW | Aerobic exercise intensity commenced at 50 to 65% of the measured heart rate maximum in weeks 1 and 2 and increased to 60 to 65% in weeks 3 and 4, 60 to 70% in weeks 5 and 6, 70 to 80% in weeks 7 and 8, and 80% in weeks 9 to 12. Rating of perceived exertion was also used to guide exercise prescription and was progressed from 11 to 14 over the course of training. Resistance exercises were matched for muscle group between aquatic and land exercises, and the range of motion of the arm exercises for both groups was limited to the range allowed by the water level of the aquatic group. Resistance exercise ratings of perceived exertion targets were 12 to 15 | 60 min (5 min of light aerobic activity, 50 min of main program, and 5 min stretching) | 3x | 12 | Yes |
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| 2 | Vasić et al., 2019 [14] | Water-based endurance plus calisthenics exercise program
Xiphoid process
32.8°C TW | Aerobic endurance and calisthenic exercises comprised at 60–80% peak heart rate | 60 min (two 30 min sessions daily: 5 min of warm-up, 20 min of conditioning, and 5 min of cool down) | 6x | 2 | Yes |
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| 3 | Lee et al., 2017 [28] | Aqua walking
Xiphoid process
30–32°C TW | 15-17 bmp from the 50-65% of heart rate reserve and perceived exertion (11–14 in Borg’s scale) | 30 min | 3x | 24 | Yes |
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| 4 | Fiogbé and Moreno, 2014 [32] | Aquatic aerobic physical training
Xiphoid process
30–33°C TW | 80-110% of the first ventilatory threshold | 30-50 min | 3x | 16 | Yes |
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| 5 | Teffaha et al., 2011 [29] | Endurance and callisthenic exercises
30–32°C TW | Target intensity heart rate recorded at the ventilatory threshold during the first exercise tolerance test | 50 min | 5x | 3 | Yes |
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| 6 | Laurent et al., 2009 [6] | Aerobic exercises
30–32°C TW | 60–70% of heart rate reserve | 50 min | 5x | 3 | Yes |
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| 7 | Tokmakidis et al., 2008 [30] | Aerobic training and weight training
28-30°C TW | 50–85% of maximal heart rate and 60–80% of rate of perceived exertion (11–14 in Borg’s scale) to weight training | 75 min (10 min of warm-up, 30-40 min of main program, 10 min of cool down) | 4x | 16 | Yes |
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| 8 | Volaklis et al., 2007 [31] | Aerobic training and resistance training
28-30°C TW | 60–80% of maximal heart rate and 12 to 15 repetitions at 60% of 1-RM | 60 min (10 min of warm-up, 5 min of stretching, 40 min of main program, 10 min of recreation, and 10 min of cool down) | 4x | 16 | Yes |
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