Active Ageing: An Empirical Approach to the WHO Model

Table 1

Instruments used for each of the WHO’s active ageing model determinants.

Determinants	WHO (2002) contents	Assessment protocol “P3A”
Personal factors	Biology and genetics; psychological factors	Psychological distress	GHQ-12 [28]
		Happiness	QBE/F [32]
		Cognitive functioning	MMSE [25]
		Personality	NEO (Costa and McCrae, 1992 [31])
		Optimism	LOT-R [30]
		Loneliness	Loneliness scale (Paúl et al., 2008 [22])
Behavior determinants	Smoking; Physical activity; Food intake; Oral health; Alcohol; Medication	Pulmonary function	Peak flow
		Strength	Hand grip
		Subjective health	Health and life styles questionnaire (ESAP, Fernández-Ballesteros et al., 2004 [24])
		Illness
		Sleep problems
		Subj. physical activity
		Vision
		Audition
		Smoking
		Drinking
		ADL and IADL
Determinants of social environment	Social support	Social network	Lubben scale of social support (Lubben, 1988) [27]
	Violence and abuse
	Education	Education	Sociodemographic questionnaire
Determinants of health and social services	Health and disease	Life satisfaction	Inventory of life satisfaction (Fonseca et al., 2011 [34])
	Health services
	Continuous care
	Mental health care
Determinants of physical environment	Friendly environment	Environment domain of quality of life	WHOQOL Brief—physical environment subscale (Harper et al.,1998 [7], Canavarro et al., 2010 [33])
	Safety houses
	Falls
	Absence of pollution
Economic determinants	Wage		Socioeconomic status (National Institute of Statistics)
	Social security	Income
	Work