Multivariate Autoregressive Modeling and Granger Causality Analysis of Multiple Spike Trains

Figure 4

Granger causality analysis of different 3D models. (a, d) Schematic of the models and their correlation structures. (b, e) Pairwise Granger causality analysis (using (6)) is incapable of distinguishing between direct and indirect connections, and three causal connections are deemed significant. (c, f) Three dimensional Granger causality analysis reveals the connectivity structure that fits the original models. Granger causality coefficients were calculated using (8). The statistical test was performed using surrogate data.