Research Article

An Extreme Learning Machine Based on Artificial Immune System

Table 2

Results of the five algorithms on eight benchmark classification datasets.

DatasetAlgorithmTrainingTesting Accuracy (%)Hidden
Time (s)MeansStDevNodes

EcoliAIS-ELM2.23287.0871.3220
DS-ELM2.52386.3521.4320
PSO-ELM2.25786.6231.6720
SaE-ELM2.60885.9851.7820
ELM0.00384.6782.1230
DiabetesAIS-ELM2.86582.7710.6720
DS-ELM3.19280.6670.6520
PSO-ELM3.99380.1230.5320
SaE-ELM4.21681.6730.7620
ELM0.00478.9841.2130
EpilepticAIS-ELM80.37983.4120.78150
DS-ELM82.45882.3450.95150
PSO-ELM84.91281.6271.12150
SaE-ELM84.23381.7651.05150
ELM3.97680.0261.21180
Heart DiseaseAIS-ELM10.92380.2341.5320
DS-ELM11.32979.6371.5620
PSO-ELM10.99378.9421.7320
SaE-ELM12.26578.7621.6920
ELM0.01376.1491,9630
IrisAIS-ELM1.083596.9210.3520
DS-ELM1.25596.4880.6920
PSO-ELM1.131596.1240.8320
SaE-ELM1.36295.6420.7420
ELM0.00193.4391.2630
GlassAIS-ELM2.63268.4531.6720
DS-ELM3.02665.3451.8920
PSO-ELM3.06765.4381.9120
SaE-ELM3.03665.0872.2320
ELM0.00360.2672.1230
ImageAIS-ELM29.22194.550.65990
DS-ELM31.97693.780.52890
PSO-ELM32.10393.231.01490
SaE-ELM32.64192.110.83290
ELM0.049392.560.783120
SatelliteAIS-ELM37.42488.3460.87100
DS-ELM39.85687.2650.97100
PSO-ELM39.61386.7951.08100
SaE-ELM40.23886.7150.96100
ELM0.062485.0280.99150