Forecasting Short-Term Traffic Flow by Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network with Parameters Optimized by Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm

Algorithm 1

The BBO algorithm.

	Initialize the BBO parameters
	Generate a set of habitats, corresponding to the potential solutions
	Evaluate the fitness value or HSI for each habitat
	While Stopping criterion is not satisfied do
	Decide immigration rate λ and emigration rate µ for each habitat
	Modify habitats based on λ and µ
	For i = 1 to Population size do
	Use λ to probabilistically decide whether to modify a habitat
	If rand(0,1) < λi
	Select habitat Hj to immigration
	Perform migration on Hi and Hj
	Evaluate the fitness value or HSI for newly generated solution
	Replace the new solution with Hi
	End If
	If rand(0,1) < PMutation
	Apply mutation on Hi
	Evaluate the fitness value or HSI for newly generated solution
	End If
	End For
	Update habitats’ population
	End While