Forecasting Short-Term Traffic Flow by Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network with Parameters Optimized by Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm

Table 3

Performance statistics of different forecasting models.

	RMSE	MAPE	R
ANN-based model	74.0569	0.2529	0.8880
FWNN-based model	32.5282	0.1025	0.9451
FWNN-BBO-based model	27.4678	0.0924	0.9768
FWNN-iBBO-based model	20.4034	0.0719	0.9846
WNN-based model	52.1006	0.1171	0.9617