Multiscale Cooperative Differential Evolution Algorithm

Figure 4

Evolution of the mean function error values derived from DE-1, DE-2, and MCDE versus the number of FES on F₄, F₁₀, F₁₅, and F₁₇. (a) The result of F₄ under D = 30. (b) The result of F₁₀ under D = 30. (c) the result of F₁₆ under D = 30. (d) The result of F₁₇ under D = 30.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)